Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T08:37:49.307Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Biological efficacy of CalneemTM oil against the tropical warehouse moth Ephestia cautella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in stored maize

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 December 2010

Ali Shehu ,
Daniel Obeng-Ofori  and
Vincent Yao Eziah
Ali Shehu*
Affiliation:
African Regional Postgraduate Programme in Insect Science (ARPPIS), University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
Daniel Obeng-Ofori
Affiliation:
Crop Science Department, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
Vincent Yao Eziah
Affiliation:
Crop Science Department, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
*
*E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The tropical warehouse moth Ephestia cautella (Walker) is an important storage pest of maize grain. The control of this major moth pest relies heavily on the use of synthetic insecticides. We assessed the biological efficacy of a commercial neem oil (Calneem oil) against E. cautella in the laboratory, using the common grain protectant Actellic as a positive control. Contact toxicity, repellency, effects on oviposition, development and grain damage were assessed. The assays were conducted by treating 100 g of maize grains with Calneem oil concentrations of 3, 5 and 7 ml/l; and Actellic at 2 ml/l. Calneem oil significantly (P < 0.05) reduced oviposition rate, development of eggs and immature stages, and emergence rate of E. cautella progeny in maize grains. Grains treated with Calneem oil had significantly (P < 0.05) reduced grain damage in storage, and the oil had a repellency of 53–70% compared with the negative control. Calneem oil protected maize grain against damage by E. cautella for 10 weeks, compared with 20 weeks protection by Actellic. There was no resistance development to the oil for three generations of E. cautella. The insects that survived treatment with the LC90 concentration (12.2 ml/l) of the Calneem oil laid fewer eggs, and some of their progeny were deformed. Calneem oil provided a good level of protection to maize grains against infestation by E. cautella, and may therefore be a suitable substitute for Actellic.

Keywords

Ephestia cautellastored maizeCalneem oilazadirachtintoxicityrepellencypersistenceresistanceactellic
Type
Research Paper
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 30 , Issue 4 , December 2010 , pp. 207 - 213
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abbott, W. S. (1925) A method for computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology 18, 265–267.Google Scholar
AFR (2006) Increasing post-harvest success for smallholder farmers. Voices Newsletter 79, 8.Google Scholar
Akhtar, Y., Yeoung, Y. R. and Isman, M. B. (2008) Comparative bioactivity of selected extracts from Meliaceae and some commercial botanical insecticides against two noctuid caterpillars, Trichoplusia ni and Pseudaletia unipuncta. Phytochemistry Reviews 7, 77–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ascher, K. R. S. (1993) Non-conventional insecticidal effects of pesticides available from the neem tree, Azadirachta indica. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 22, 433–449.Google Scholar
Aslam, M. and Naqvi, S. N. H. (2000) The efficacy of a phytopesticide in comparison with Perfekthion against sucking pests of cotton. Turkish Journal of Zoology 24, 403–408.Google Scholar
Bekele, A. J., Obeng-Ofori, D. and Hassanali, A. (1997) Evaluation of Ocimum kenyense (Ayobangira) as source of repellents, toxicants and protectants in storage against three major stored product insect pests. Journal of Applied Entomology 121, 169–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blum, M. and Roitberg, M. (1999) Natural insect repellent formula and method of making same. Burlington Bio-Medical and Scientific Corporation, Farmingdale, New York. United States Patent 5885600. Available at:http://www.freepatentsonline.com/5885600.html.Google Scholar
Capinera, J. L. (2008) Neem insecticides. In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 2nd edn. Dordrecht, Springer. 4346 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellis, B. W., Bradley, F. M. and Atthowe, H. (1996) The Organic Gardener's Handbook of Natural Insect and Disease Control: A Complete Problem-Solving Guide to Keeping Your Garden and Yard Healthy Without Chemicals. Revised edition. Rodale Books, Emmaus. 544 pp.Google Scholar
FAO (1985) Prevention of Post Harvest Food Losses. Training Series No. 10 (122). Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Rome. 120 pp.Google Scholar
FAO (1992) Towards Integrated Commodity and Pest Management in Grain Storage. A Training Manual for Application in Humid Tropical Storage Systems (edited by Semple, R. L., Hicks, P. A., Lozare, J. V. and Castermans, A.). 526 pp. A REGNET (RAS/86/189) publication in collaboration with NAPHIRE.Google Scholar
Mordue, A. J. and Blackwell, A. (1993) Azadirachtin: An update. Journal of Insect Physiology 39, 903–924.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Obeng-Ofori, D. (1999) Dossier information for registration of national neem pesticides in Ghana. Integrated Crop Protection Project (ICP). 81 pp.Google Scholar
Obeng-Ofori, D. (2007) The use of botanicals by resource poor farmers in Africa and Asia for the protection of stored agricultural products. Steward Postharvest Review 6, 1–8.Google Scholar
Obeng-Ofori, D. and Reichmuth, C. H. (1997) Bioactivity of eugenol, a major component of essential oil of Ocimum suave (Wild) against four species of stored-product Coleoptera. International Journal of Pest Management 43, 89–94.Google Scholar
Obeng-Ofori, D., Reichmuth, C. H., Bekele, A. J. and Hassanali, A. (1997) Biological activity of 1,8 cineole, a major component of essential oil of Ocimum kenyanse (Ayobangira) against stored product beetles. Journal of Applied Entomology 121, 237–243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Purseglove, J. W. (1992) Tropical Crops: Monocotyledons. Longman Scientific and Technical, New York. 618 pp.Google Scholar
Raguraman, S. and Singh, D. (1997) Biopotentials of Azadirachta indica and Cedrus deodara oils on Callosobruchus chinensis. Pharmaceutical Biology 35, 344–348.Google Scholar
Salako, E. A. (2002) Plant protection for the resource-poor farmers. A keynote address at the Nigerian Society for Plant Protection. 30th Annual Conference, 1–4 September. UNAAB, Abeokuta.Google Scholar
Schmutterer, H. (1985) Which insect pests can be controlled by application of neem kernel extracts under field conditions? Journal of Applied Entomology 100, 468–475.Google Scholar
Schmutterer, H. (1995) The neem tree and its characteristics: pests and diseases, parasitic plants, damage by herbicides and disorders of unknown etiology. In The Neem Tree: Source of Unique Natural Products for Integrated Pest Management, Medicine, Industry and Other Purposes (edited by Schmutterer, H.). VCH Publisher, Weinheim, New York/Basel/Cambridge/Tokyo. 696 pp.Google Scholar
Sclar, D. C. (1994) Neem: mode of action of compounds present in extracts and formulations of Azadirachta indica seeds and their efficacy to pests of ornamental plants and to non-target species. Available at:http://www.colostate.edu/Depts/Entomology/courses/en570/papers_1994/sclar.html.Google Scholar
Sunarti, C. (2003) Oils from plants and their toxicity to cacao moth, Ephestia cautella (Walker). Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, FAO (2006) Agris Record, Pests of Plants. PH 2004001740 (Philippines). 76 pp.Google Scholar
Talukder, F. A. and Howse, P. E. (1995) Evaluation of Aphanamaxis polystachya as a source of repellents, antifeedants, toxicants and protectants in storage against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Journal of Stored Product Research 31, 55–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar