Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T22:56:44.370Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Advances in the artificial feeding of ticks

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

S. M. Waladde  and
S. A. Ochieng'
S. M. Waladde
Affiliation:
The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P. O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya
S. A. Ochieng'
Affiliation:
The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P. O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya
Get access

Abstract

Argasid ticks have been induced to feed successfully through different types of artificial membranes but this technique has not been easily applicable on ixodid ticks. In order to get hard ticks to feed artificially, two major approaches have been employed: Feeding on a diet through artificial membranes; and feeding from diet-filled capillary tubes placed over the tick's mouthparts. In both cases the ixodid ticks could not be fed to repletion. This paper gives a brief account about artificial feeding of ticks in general and the techniques used to obtain successful feeding of an ixodid tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus through a modified Baudruche membrane.

Résumé

Les Argasidés ont été induites à se nourrir sur différent types de membranes artificielles; chose qui n'a pas encore aisement été appliquée chez les Ixodidés. Afin de nourrir artificiellement les tiques dures, deux approches majeures ont été utilisées: Nourrir les tiques sur un repas à travers les membranes artificielles et—nourrir les tiques sur un repas se trouvant dans les tubes capillaires placés sur les parties buccales de la tique. Dans les deux cas, les ixodides ne se sont pas nourris à satiété. Cette publication donne un bref apercu sur l'alimentation artificielle des tiques en général et les techniques employées pour obtenir une alimentation réussie de la tique ixodide, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus à travers une membrane “Baudruche” modifiée.

Keywords

Ixodid ticksartificial feedingBaudruche membraneRhipicephalus appendiculatusTiques ixodidésalimentation artificiellemembrane “Baudruche”Rhipicephalus appendiculatus
Type
Tick Biology
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 13 , Special Issue 4: Status and Recent Advances in Tick Management in Africa , August 1992 , pp. 579 - 583
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Allen, J. R. (1973) Tick resistance: Basophils in skin reactions of resistant guinea pigs. Int. J. Parasitol. 3, 195–200.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arthur, D. R. (1970) Tick feeding and its implications. Adv. Parasitol. 8, 275–292.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Butler, J. F., Hess, W. R., Endris, R. G. and Holscher, K. H. (1982) In vitro feeding of Omithodoros ticks for rearing and assessment of disease transmission. Proc. 6th Int. Congr. Acarology, 1075–1081.Google Scholar
Chabaud, A. G. (1950) Sur la nutrition artificielle des tiques. Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp. 25, 142–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeMeillon, B. and Goldberg, L. (1947) Preliminary studies on the nutritional requirements of the bedbug (Cimex lectularius) and the tick (Omithodoros moubata) J. Exp. Biol. 24, 41–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galun, R. (1975) The role of host blood in the feeding behaviour of ectoparasites. In Dynamic Aspects of Host Parasite Relationships (Edited by Zuckerman, A.), Vol. 2. pp. 132–162. Keter, Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Galun, R. (1977) Responses of blood-sucking arthropods to vertebrate hosts. In Chemical Control of Insect Behaviour, Theory and Application (Edited by Shorey, H. H. and McKelvey, J. J. Jr), pp. 103–114. Wiley-Interscience.Google Scholar
Galun, R. and Kindler, S. H. (1968) Chemical basis of feeding in the tick Ornithodorus tholozani. J. Insect Physiol. 14, 1409–1421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregson, J. D. (1967) Observations on the movements of fluids in the vicinity of the mouthparts of naturally feeding Dermacentor andersoni Stiles. Parasitology 57, 1–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howarth, J. A. and Hokama, Y. (1978) Studies with Ornithodoros coriaceus Koch (Acarina: Argasidae), the suspected vector of epizootic bovine abortion. In Tick-borne Diseases and Their Vectors (Edited by Wilde, J. K. H.), pp. 168–176. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Kashin, P. and Wakely, H. G. (1965) An insect “bitometer”. Nature (Lond.) 208, 462–464.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kemp, D. H., Koudstaal, D., Roberts, J. A. and Kerr, J. D. (1975) Feeding of Boophilus microplus larvae on a partially defined medium through thin slices of cattle skin. Parasitology 70, 243–254.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McLean, D. L. and Kingsley, M. G. (1964) A technique for electrically recording aphid feeding and salivation. Nature (Lond.). 202, 1358–1369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mango, C. K. A. and Galun, R. (1977) Ornithodoros moubata: breeding in vitro. Exp. Parasitol. 42, 282–288.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moorhouse, D. E. (1969) The attachment of some ixodid ticks to their natural hosts. Proc. 2nd Int. Congn Acarology. pp. 319–327.Google Scholar
Nelson, W. A., Keirans, J. E., Bell, J. F. and Clifford, C. M. (1975) Host-ectoparasite relationships. J. Med. Entomol. 12, 143–166.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nelson, W. A., Bell, J. F., Clifford, C. M. and Kierans, J. E. (1977) Interactions of ectoparasites and their hosts. J. Med. Entomol. 13, 389–428.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Purnell, R. E. and Joyner, L. P. (1967) An artificial feeding technique for Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and the transmission for Theileria parva from the salivary secretions. Nature (Lond.) 216, 484–485.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwan, E. V., Hutton, D., Schields, K. J. B. and Townson, S. (1991) Artificial feeding and successful reproduction in Ornithodoros moubata moubata (Murray, 1877) (Acarina: Argasidae). Exp. Appl. Acarol. 13, 107–115.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stone, B. F., Commins, M. A. and Kemp, D. H. (1983) Artificial feeding of the Australian paralysis tick Ixodes holocyclus and collection of paralysing toxin. Int. J. Parasitol. 13, 447–454.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sweatman, G. K., Tomey, G. and Katul, G. (1976) A technique for the continuous recording of tick feeding electrograms and temperature by telemetry from free-ranging cattle. Int. J. Parasitol. 9, 89–95.Google Scholar
Tarshis, I. B. (1958) A preliminary study of feeding Ornithodoros savignyi on human blood through animal-derived membrane. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 51, 294–298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tatchell, R. J., Carnell, R., and Kemp, D. H. (1972) Electrical studies on the feeding of the cattle-tick Boophilus microplus. Zeit. Parasit. 38, 32–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tawfic, M. W. and Guirgis, S. S. (1969) Experimental feeding of Argas (persicargas) arboreus through membranes. J. Med. Entomol. 6, 191–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waladde, S. M. and Rice, M. J. (1977) The sensory nervous system of the adult cattle tick Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) Ixodidae. Part III. Ultrastructure and electrophysiology of cheliceral receptors. J. Aust. Ent. Soc. 16, 441–453.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waladde, S. M., Kemp, D. H. and Rice, M. J. (1979) Feeding electrograms and fluid uptake measurements of cattle tick Boophilus microplus attached on artificial membranes. Int. J. Parasitol. 9, 89–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waladde, S. M., Ochieng, S. A. and Gichuhi, P. M. (1991) Artificial membrane feeding of the ixodid tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus to repletion. J. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 11, 297–306.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wetzel, H. (1979) Artificial membrane for in vitro feeding of piercing-sucking arthropods. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 26, 117–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar