Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T19:52:00.815Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Phenology and survival of the maize stalk borer, Busseola fusca in Eastern Ethiopia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

K. Yitaferu  and
A. Gebre-Amlak
K. Yitaferu
Affiliation:
Alemaya University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa
A. Gebre-Amlak
Affiliation:
Awassa College of Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 5 Awassa, Ethiopia
Get access

Abstract

The current phenological study in sorghum fields has shown that Busseola fusca is bivoltine in eastern Ethiopia. The first generation begins at the end of April, while early August marks the beginning of the second (Diapause) generation. The second generation passes through the dry season in stalks and stubble as diapause larvae, of which a considerable proportion survive in the stubble until the next crop. The onset of pupation of the diapause larvae is in the middle of April. A progressive increase in the mortality of the larvae of both generations is observed towards the later stages. Five hymenopterous parasitoids, Bracon sesamiae (Cameron), Cotesia (= Apanteles sensu lato) sesamiae (Cameron), Dolichogenidea (= Apanteles sensu lato) sp. near laevigatus, Pediobius furvus (Gahan) and Procerochasmias nigromaculatus (Cameron) and one dipterous parasitoid (Sarcophaga sp.), attacking larvae and pupae of B. fusca at Alemaya, eastern Ethiopia, were identified.

Résumé

La présente étude phénologique dans les champs de sorgho a montré que Busseola fusca est une espèce bivoltine dans l'Est de l'Ethiopie. La première génération commence à la fin avril alors que début août marque le commencement de la seconde génération (diapause). Le seconde génération passe le saison sèche dans les tiges et dans les chaumes en tant que larve en état de diapause dont une grande proportion survit à l'intérieur des chaumes jusqu'à la prochaine culture. Le début de la pupaison de la larve en état de diapause a lieu au milieu d'avril. Une progression de la mortalité chez les larves des deux générations au fur et à mesure de l'avancement des stades a été observée. Cinq hyménoptères parasitoïdes, à savoir Bracon sesamiae (Cameron), Cotesia apanteles (sensu lato) sesamiae (Cameron), Dolichogenidea (= Apanteles sensu lato) sp. near laevigatus, Pediobius furvus (Gahan) et Procerochasmias nigromaculatus (Cameron) et une larve de diptère parasitoïde (Sarcophaga sp.) s'attaquant aux larves et aux pupes de B. fusca ont été identifiés à Alemaya, Est de l'Ethiopie.

Keywords

EthiopiaBusseola fuscaphenologysorghumstem borerstalk borer
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 15 , Issue 2 , April 1994 , pp. 177 - 184
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Anonymous (1988) National Atlas of Ethiopia. Ethiopia Mapping Authority. First edition, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Google Scholar
Gebre-Amlak, A. (1985) Survey of lepidopterous stem borers attacking maize and sorghum in Ethiopia. Ethiopian J. Agric. Sci. 7, 15–26.Google Scholar
Gebre-Amlak, A. (1988) Ecology and management of maize stalk borer, Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in southern Ethiopia. Dissertation, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Department of Plant and Forest Protection.Google Scholar
Gebre-Amlak, A. (1989a) Phenology and fecundity of maize stalk borer, Busseola fusca (Fuller) in Awassa, southern Ethiopia. Insect Sci. Applic. 10, (2), 131–137.Google Scholar
Gebre-Amlak, A. (1989b) Termination of diapause in the maize stalk borer, Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lep., Noctuidae) in Awassa, southern Ethiopia. J. Appl. Entomol. 107, 160–165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, K. M. (1962) Lepidopterous stem borers of cereals in Nigeria. Bull. ent. Res. 53, 139–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ingram, W. R. (1958) The lepidopterous stalk borers associated with gramineae in Uganda. Bull. entomol. Res. 49, 367–383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jepson, W. F. (1954) A Critical Review of the World Literature on the Lepidopterous Stem Borers of Tropical Graminaceous Crops. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London.Google Scholar
Kfir, R. (1988) Hibernation by the lepidopteran stalk borers, Busseola fusca and Chilo partellus on grain sorghum. Entomol. exp. appl. 48, 31–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mohyuddin, A. I. and Greathead, D. J. (1970) An annotated list of the parasites of graminaceous stem borers in East Africa, with a discussion of their potential in biological control. Entomophaga 15(3), 241–274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polaszek, A. and Kimani, S. W. (1990) Telenomus sp. (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) attacking eggs of pyralid pests (Lepidoptera) in Africa: a review and guide to identification. Bull. entomol. Res. 80, 57–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seshu Reddy, K. V. (1989) Sorghum stem borers in Eastern Africa. In International Workshop on Sorghum Stem Borers, 17–20 Nov. 1987. ICRISAT India, Patancheru A.P. 502 324, pp. 33–40.Google Scholar
Smithers, C. N. (1959) Some recent observations on Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lep.: Noctuidae) in southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe). Bull, entomol. Res. 50, 809–819.Google Scholar
Swaine, G. (1957) The maize and sorghum stem borer, Busseola fusca (Fuller) in peasant Agriculture in Tanganyika Territory. Bull. entomol. Res. 48, 711–722.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Usua, E. J. (1968a) Effect of varying populations of Busseola fusca larvae on the growth and yield of maize. J. Econ. Entomol. 61(2), 375–376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Usua, E. J. (1968b) Temperature and relative humidity effects on the development of the immature stages of the maize stem borers, Busseola fusca and Sesamia calamistis. J. Econ. Entomol. 61(4), 1091–1093.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Usua, E. J. (1970) Diapause in the maize stemborer. J. Econ. Entomol. 63, 1605–1610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Unnithan, G. C. (1987) Development and reproductive biology of the maize stem-borer, Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepid., Noctuidae). J. Appl. Entomol. 104, 172–179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Rensburg, J. B. J., Walters, M. C. and Gilliomee, J. H. (1987) Ecology of the maize stalk borer, Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Bull. entomol. Res. 77, 255–269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Rensburg, J. B. J., Walters, M. C. and Gilliomee, J. H. (1988) Mortality in natural populations of the maize stalk borer, Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in South Africa. Phytophylactica 20, 17–19.Google Scholar