Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T01:34:29.805Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Larval establishment and feeding behaviour of Eldana saccharina walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on maize and sorghum plants

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

L. M. Kantiki  and
J. K. O. Ampofo
L. M. Kantiki
Affiliation:
The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya
J. K. O. Ampofo
Affiliation:
The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya
Get access

Abstract

Larval establishment and feeding site selection of Eldana saccharina Walker were studied on maize (Katumani Composite B) and sorghum (Serena). These parameters were defined as the location within the plant of the larva 7 days after hatching; and feeding activity was measured by the extent of stalk tunnelling. In naturally infested maize, more larvae settled in the basal section of the plants between second and fifth node/internode, and in sorghum they settled between fourth and seventh node/internode. In the artificially infested plants of both crops, larvae settled in the middle section of the plant mainly between fourth and seventh node/internode. The neonate larvae first settled in the leaf sheath until they were third instars when they entered the stalks. However, in sorghum stalk entry was limited by stalk wall toughness and waxes on the stalks.

The extent of stalk tunnelling indicated that in maize larval feeding is highest in the internodes whereas in sorghum it is in the peduncles.

Résumé

Le'establissement larvaire et l'endroit de nutrition d'Eldana saccharina Walker étaient étudiés sur le maïs (Katumani composite B) et sur le sorgho (Serena). Les facteurs étaient définis basé sur la localisation de larve 7 jours après éclosion à l'interieur du plant, et la nutrition était mesurée par le deoré d'extension des galeries au sein de la tige. Pour le maïs naturellement infesté, plus de larves étaient Instanllées au niveau de la section basale de la plante entre le deuxième et le cinquième noeud ou entre-noeud et chez le sorgho, el les étaient instanllées entre le quatrième et septième noeud ou entre-noend. Pour les deux cultures, lorsqu'elles étaient artificiellement infestées, les larves se sont instanllées dans la section du milieu de la plante. La larve ‘neonate’ s'est premièrement installée au niveau de la fenille jusqu'au troisième stade larvaire quand elles ont penénétré la tige. Par centre, chez la tige du sorgho la pénétration était limitée par la dureté de la tige et ses secretions (‘Waxes’).

L'e tension des galeries dans les tiges nous a indiqué que la nutrition larvaire était plus pronoucée au niveau des entrenoeuds chez le maïs et au niveau de la pendoncule chez le sorgho.

Keywords

Eldana saccharinamaizesorghumlarval establishmentfeeding sites
Type
Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 10 , Issue 5 , October 1989 , pp. 577 - 582
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1989

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Amoako-Atta, B. and Omolo, E. O. (1983) Yield losses caused by the stem/pod-borer complex within maize-cowpea-sorghum intercropping systems in Kenya. Insect Sci. Applic. 4, 39–46.Google Scholar
Ampofo, J. K. O. (1986) Maize stalk borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) damage and plant resistance. Environ. Entomol. 15, 1124–1129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atkinson, P.R. (1979) Distribution and natural hosts of Eldana saccharina Walker in Natal, its oviposition sites and feeding patterns. Proc. South African Sugar Technologists Association pp. 1–5.Google Scholar
Blum, A. (1968) Anatomical phenomenon in seedlings of sorghum varieties resistant to the sorghum shootfly (Atherigona Varia soccata).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Girling, D. J. (1978) The distribution and biology of Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and its relationship to other stemborers in Uganda. Bull. Entomol. Res. 68, 471–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanway, J. J. (1971) How a corn plant develops. Iowa State University Spec. Rep. 48.Google Scholar
Ingram, W. R. (1958) The lepidopterous stalk-borers associated with Gramineae in Uganda. Bull. Entomol. Res. 49, 367–383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaufmann, T. (1983) Behavioural biology, feeding habits, and ecology of three species of maize stem borers: Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Sesamia calamistis and Busseola fusca (Noctuidae) in Ibadan, Nigeria, West Africa J. Georgia Entomol. Soc. 18, 259–271.Google Scholar
Mohyuddin, A. I. and Attique, M. R. (1978) An assessment of loss caused by Chilo partellus to maize in Pakistan. PANS 24, 111–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nye, I. W. B. (1960) The insect pests of Graminaceous crops in East Africa. Cotton Res. stud. No. 31, H.M.S.O. London.Google Scholar
Sampson, M. A. and Kumar, R. (1983) Population dynamics of the stem-borer complex on sugarcane in Southern Ghana. Insect Sci. Applic. 4, 25–32.Google Scholar
Scheltes, P. (1978) Ecological and physiological aspects of aestivation diapause in the larvae of two Pyralidae stalk borers of maize in Kenya. Meded. No. 298 Lab. Entomol. Wageningen pp. 1–100.Google Scholar
Vanderlip, R. L. (1979) How sorghum plant develops. Cooperative Extension Service Special Report. Kansas State University, Manhattan.Google Scholar
Walker, P. T. (1967) A survey of losses of cereal to pests in Kenya and Tanzania. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization Symposium on Crop Losses. Rome 2, pp. 79–88.Google Scholar
Warai, C.M. and Kuria, J. M. (1983) Population incidence and the control of maize stalk borers in Chilo partellus (Swinhoe), in C. orichalcociliellus Strand and Sesamia calamistis Hamps. Coast Province, Kenya. Insect Sci. Applic. 4, 11–18.Google Scholar