Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T17:59:45.721Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Influence of constant temperatures on the developmental rate, progeny production, sex ratio and adult longevity of the grape mealybug parasitoid, Anagyrus dactylopii (How.) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

M. Mani  and
A. Krishnamoorthy
M. Mani
Affiliation:
Biological Control Laboratory I, Division of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (I. I. H. R.), Bangalore-560 089, India
A. Krishnamoorthy
Affiliation:
Biological Control Laboratory I, Division of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (I. I. H. R.), Bangalore-560 089, India
Get access

Abstract

The effects of six constant temperatures ranging from 15 to 40°C on the rate of development, progeny production, sex ratio and adult longevity of the grape mealybug parasitoid, Anagyrus dactylopii (How.) were determined. It was found to complete the development in the temperature regimes of20–35°C but neither sex emerged as adults at 15 and 40°C. Developmental time of male and female decreased from 32.75 to 10 days, and from 34.50 to 11.75 days respectively, as the temperature increased from 20–35°C. Progeny production increased with the rise in temperature up to 30°C, and a maximum of 182 offspring emerged at 30°C. Sex ratio was altered considerably by different temperatures. Maximum female progeny was also obtained at 30°. Adult longevity of both sexes declined with increasing temperature. Mean longevity of male reduced from 2730 days at 15°C to 2.75 days at 40°C. The findings on the effects of temperature in relation to the rearing in the laboratory and the activity of Anagyrus dactylopii in the field are also discussed.

Résumé

Les effets de 6 températures constantes comprises entre 15 et 40°C sur le taux de développement, l'accroissement de la progéniture, le sex ratio et la longevité imaginale du parasitoïde de la cochenille farineuse du raisin sont étudiés. Entre 20 et 35° C, le cycle biologique a puêtre bouclé alors qu'entre 15 et 40° C aucun adulte, quelque soit le sexe, n'a pu emerger. La durée du cycle biologique au niveau des 2 sexes avec l'élèvement de la température de 20 à 30°C a chuté respectivement de 32.75 à 10 jours. La progéniture augmente avec l'accroissement de la température jusqu'à 30°C où elle atteint le maximun de 182. Le sex ratio a subi des variations considérables suivant les températures. Un maximun de descendance femeile est obtenu à 30°C. La longevité des 2 sexes décroît avec l'accroissement de la température. La longevité moyenne d'un mâle dimunie de 27.7 jours à 15°C à 2.75 à 40°C et celle de la femellle de 42 jours à 15°C à 8 jours à 40°C. Les effets de la température dans les conditions d'élevage en laboratoire, et l'activité d'Anagyrus dactylopii en conditions naturelles sont discutés.

Keywords

Temperaturedevelopmental rateprogeny productionsex ratioadult longevityencyrtidparasitoidhymenopteramealybuggrapesAnagyrus dactylopiiTempératuretaux de développementaugmentation de la progénituresex ratiolongevité des adultesencyrtideparasitoïdehymenopièrecochenille farineuseraisinAnagyrus dactylopii
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 13 , Issue 5 , October 1992 , pp. 697 - 703
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abies, J. R., Shepherd, M. and Holman, J. R. (1976) Development of the parasitoids, Spalangia endius and Muscidifurax raptor in relation to constant and variable temperature simulation and validation. Environ. Eniomol. 5, 329–332.Google Scholar
Al-Maliky, S. K. and Al-Izzi, M. A. J. (1990) The progeny production of a hymenoplerous parasitoid, Apanteles sp. group ultor as affected by temperature. Entomophaga 35, 217–222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Al-Maliky, S. K., Al-Izzi, M. A. J. and Jabbo, N. F. (1988) Effect of temperature and pholopcriod on the development and oviposition of Apanteles sp. group ultor (Hymenoptera: Braconidac), a larval parasite of the carobmoth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Entomophaga 33, 193–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Avidov, Z., Rossler, Y. and Rosen, D. (1967) Studies on an Israel strain of Anagyrus pseudococci (Girault) (Hymcnoptera: Encyrlidac) II. Some biological aspects. Entomophaga 12, 111–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barbosa, P. and Frongillo, E. A. Jr. (1977) Influcnce of light intensity and temperature on the locomolor and flight activity of Brachymeria intermedia (Hymcnoptera: Chalcidae) a pupal parasitoid of the gypsy moth. Entomophaga 22, 405–411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barfield, C. S., Bottrell, D. G. and Smith, J. N. Jr (1977) Influence of temperature on oviposition and adult longevity of Bracon mellitor reared on boll weevils. Environ. Entomol. 6, 133–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berlinger, M. J. (1973a) Biological studies of Clausenia josefi (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasite of Planococcus vitis. Entomophaga 18, 279–286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berlinger, M. J. (1973b) Effect of relative humidity and temperature on the survival of Clausenia josefi (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) Entomol. Exp. Appl. 16, 373–379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bodenheimer, F. S. (1938) Problems of Animal Ecology. Oxford University Press, London.Google Scholar
Browning, H. W. and Oatman, E. R. (1981) Effects of different constant temperatures on adult longevity, development time and progeny production of Hyposoter exiguae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidac). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 74, 79–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butler, G. D. Jr and Lopez, J. D. (1980) Triechogramma pretiosum development in two hosts in relation to constant and fluctuating temperatures. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 73, 671–673.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butler, G. D. Jr, Hamilton, A. G. and Lopez, J. D. Jr. (1983) Cariochile nigriceps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): Development time and fecundity in relation to temperature. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 76, 536–538.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, A. M. and Rockstein, M. (1964) Aging in insects. In The Physiology of Insects (Edited by Rockstein, M.), pp. 230–271. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Copland, M. J. W., Tingle, C. C. D., Saynor, M. and Panis, A. (1985) Biology of glass house mealy bugs and their predators and parasitoids. In Biological Pest Control — The Glass House Experience (Edited by Hussey, N. W. and Scopes, N.), pp. 82–86. Blandford Press, Poole-Donset.Google Scholar
Engroff, B. W. and Watson, T. F. (1975) Influence of temperature on adult biology and population growth of Bracon kirkpatricki. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 68, 1121–1125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldberg, A. (1982) Influence of temperature and relative humidity on survival and fecundity of Pauridia peregrina, a parasite of mealy bugs and its interactions with Planococcus citri. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 32, 86–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jubb, G. L. Jr and Watson, J. F. (1971) Development of egg parasite Telenomus utahensis in two pentatomid hosts in relation to temperature and host age. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 64, 202–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laraichi, M. (1977) Influence of high temperatures on sex ratio of Ooencyrtis fecundus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Entomol. Exp. Appl. 23, 237–241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shu-Sheng, Liu and Hughes, R. D. (1984) The relationship between temperature and rate of development in two geographic stocks of Aphidius sonchi in the laboratory. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 36, 231–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mani, M. (1986) Distribution, bioecology and management of the grape mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) with special reference to its natural enemies. Ph.D. Thesis, UAS, Bangalore, India.Google Scholar
Mani, M. and Thontadarya, T. S. (1988) Biology of the grape mealybug parasitoids Anagyrus dactylopii (How.) (Encyrtidae: Hymenoptera). Entomon 13, 211–213.Google Scholar
Mani, M. and Thontadarya, T. S. (1989) Development of the encyrtid parasitoid, Anagyrus dactylopii (How.) on the grape mealybug Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) Entomon 14, 49–51.Google Scholar
Manjunath, T. M. (1985) Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) on grapevine. FAO Plant Prot. Bull. 33, 74.Google Scholar
Nikam, P. K. and Sathe, T. V. (1981) Studies on the effect of temperature on the development of Diadegma trichoptilus Cameron (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), an internal parasitoid of Exelastis atomosa Fab. Martti Univ. J. Sci. 20, 37–38.Google Scholar
Niyazov, O. D. (1968) Role of temperature factor in the parasitoid activity of Anagyrus pseudococci (Gir.) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Lzv. Akad. Nauk. Turkmen SSR, Ser. Biol. Nauk. 1, 79–82.Google Scholar
Sanborn, S. M., Wyman, J. A. and Chapman, P. K. (1982) Threshold temperature and heat unit summations for seed corn maggot development under controlled conditions. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 75, 103–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stoner, A. and Weeks, R. E. (1974) Copidosoma truncatellum: Effect of temperature on the development rate, duration of emergence and longevity. Environ. Entomol. 3, 958–960.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tingle, C. C. D. and Copland, M. J. W. (1988a) Effects of temperature and host plant on regulation of glass house mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) population by introduced parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Bull. entomol. Res. 78, 135–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tingle, C. C. D. and Copland, M. J. W. (1988b) Predicting development of the mealybug parasitoids Anagyrus pseudococci, Leptomastix dactylopii and Leptomastidea abnormis. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 46, 19–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tingle, C. C. D. and Copland, M. J. W. (1989) Progeny production and adult longevity of the mealybug parasitoids, Anagyrus pseudococci, Leptomastix dactylopii and Leptomastidea abnormis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidac) in relation to temperature. Entomophaga 34, 111–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tracy, J. L. and Nechols, J. R. (1987) Comparisons between the squash bug egg parasites, Ooencyrtus anasae and Ooencyrtus sp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae): Development, survival and sex ratio in relation to temperature. Environ. Entomol. 16, 1324–1329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yadav, R. P. and Chaudhury, J. P. (1986) Longevity and development of the egg parasitoid Cheiloneurus pyrillae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) at different combinations of temperature and relative humidity. Entomophaga 31, 107–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yeargan, K. V. (1983) Effect of temperature on developmental rate of Trissolcus euschisti (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), a parasite of stink mealybugs. Ann. Entomol. Soc.Am. 76, 757–760.CrossRefGoogle Scholar