Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T13:08:56.143Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Essential amino acids, lipid profile and fat-soluble vitamins of the edible silkworm Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 November 2014

D. Paul  and
Sudipta Dey
D. Paul
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Studies, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong793022, Meghalaya, India
Sudipta Dey*
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Studies, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong793022, Meghalaya, India
*
*E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The present study was undertaken to determine the nutritional value of the fifth instar larva of Bombyx mori, locally referred to as ‘Niang ryndai’, which is a popular edible silkworm among the local inhabitants of East and West Khasi Hills and Ri-Bhoi district. Larvae were collected from the Iewduh market of Shillong in the months of October and November as these larvae are available during these months. The composition of lipids, amino acids and the fat-soluble vitamins A and E in the frozen and oven-dried samples of B. mori was estimated and compared with that of conventional food items. The detection of the fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the larva indicates its potential to support a healthy cardiovascular function. Because of their use for the production of silk yarn, silkworms have economic potential for the people of the State and north-eastern region of India. Increased appreciation of this insect as an alternative and cheap source of nutrition would contribute to the socio-economic development of the indigenous people.

Keywords

Bombyx moriamino acidslipidsvitamins
Type
Research Papers
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 34 , Issue 4 , December 2014 , pp. 239 - 247
Copyright
Published by ICIPE 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akinnawo, O. O., Abatan, M. O. and Ketiku, A. O. (2002) Toxicological study on the edible larva of Cirina forda (Westwood). African Journal of Biomedical Research 5, 43–46.Google Scholar
Albanese, A. A. and (With the technical assistance of Wagner D. L.) (1944) Colorimetric estimation of phenylalanine in some biological products. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 155, 291–298.Google Scholar
Allen, K. G. D. and Harris, M. A. (2001) The role of n-3 fatty acids in gestation and parturition. Experimental Biology and Medicine (Maywood) 226, 498–506.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ascherio, A. (2002) Epidemiologic studies on dietary fats and coronary heart disease. American Journal of Medicine 113 (suppl. 9B), 9S–12S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Banjo, A. D., Lawal, O. A. and Songonuga, E. A. (2006) The nutritional value of fourteen species of edible insects in southwestern Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology 5, 298–301.Google Scholar
Bhulaidok, S., Sihamala, O., Shen, L. and Li, D. (2010) Nutritional and fatty acid profiles of sun-dried edible black ants (Polyrhachis vicina Roger). Maejo International Journal of Science and Technology 4, 101–112.Google Scholar
Bodenheimer, F. S. (1951) Insects as Human Food (India, Sri Lanka: Several Orders and Families). W. Junk, The Hague. 352 pp.Google Scholar
Bozkus, K. (2003) Phospholipid and triacylglycerol fatty acid compositions from various development stages of Melanogryllus desertus Pall. (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Turkish Journal of Biology 27, 73–78.Google Scholar
Calder, P. C. and Zurier, R. B. (2001) Polyunsaturated fatty acids and rheumatoid arthritis. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 4, 115–121.Google Scholar
Cao, H., Shi, H. F. and Sun, H. C. (1996) Exploitation of silkworm pupae food (in Chinese). Cuisine Research 13, 48–51.Google Scholar
Chowdhury, S. N. (1982) Eri Silk Industry. Directorate of Sericulture and Weaving, Gauhati, Assam. 177 pp.Google Scholar
Clandinin, M. T., Foxwell, A., Goh, Y. K. et al. (1997) Omega-3 fatty acid intake results in a relationship between the fatty acid composition of LDL cholesterol ester and LDL cholesterol content in humans. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1346, 247–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crisan, E. V. and Sands, A. (1978) In The Biology and Cultivation of Edible Mushrooms (edited by Chang, S. T. and Hayes, W. A.), pp. 137–142. Academic Press, New York/San Francisco/London.Google Scholar
David, F., Sandra, P. and Wylie, P. L. (2003) Improving the analysis of fatty acid methyl esters using retention time locked method and retention time databases. Application Note 5990-482EN, Agilent Technologies publication 5988-5871EN. Agilent Technologies. Available at: http://www.agilent.com/chem (accessed 20 September 2012).Google Scholar
Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (2005) The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the Department of Agriculture (USDA), Washington DC. 71 pp.Google Scholar
FAO [Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations] (1995) Non-wood forest products for rural income and sustainable forestry. In Non-wood Forest Products 7. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.Google Scholar
FAO/WHO [Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization] (1985) Energy and Protein Requirements, Report of a joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation. World Health Organization Technical Report Series No. 724, Geneva.Google Scholar
Gopalan, C., Sastri, B. V. R. and Balasubramaniam, S. C. (1999) Nutritive Value of Indian Foods. National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad. 156 pp.Google Scholar
Grundemeier, E. W. and Andrews, A. C. (1965) Spectrophotometric determination of histidine and histamine in their mixtures. Transactions of the Kanas Academy of Science 68, 62–64.Google Scholar
Hardman, W. E. (2002) Omega-3 fatty acids to augment cancer therapy. Journal of Nutrition 132 (suppl. 11), 3508S–3512S.Google Scholar
Horrocks, L. A. and Yeo, Y. K. (1999) Health benefits of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Pharmacological Research 40, 211–225.Google Scholar
Iso, H., Sato, S., Umemura, U., Kudo, M., Koike, K., Kitamura, A., Imano, H., Okamura, T., Naito, Y. and Shimamoto, T. (2002) Linoleic acid, other fatty acids, and the risk of stroke. Stroke 33, 2086–2093.Google Scholar
Judd, J. T., Baer, D. J., Clevidence, B. A., Kris-Etherton, P., Muesing, R. A. and Iwane, M. (2002) Dietary cis and trans monounsaturated and saturated FA and plasma lipids and lipoproteins in men. Lipids 37, 123–131.Google Scholar
Kakutani, S., Ishikura, Y., Tateishi, N., Horikawa, C., Tokuda, H., Kontani, M., Kawashima, H., Sakakibara, Y., Kiso, Y., Shibata, H. and Morita, I. (2011) Supplementation of arachidonic acid-enriched oil increases arachidonic acid contents in plasma phospholipids, but does not increase their metabolites and clinical parameters in Japanese healthy elderly individuals: a randomized controlled study. Lipids in Health and Disease 10, 241 doi:10.1186/1476-511X-10-241.Google Scholar
Knight, J. A. and Hunter, D. T. (1968) A continuous spectrophotometric method for the determination of leucine aminopeptidase. Clinical Chemistry 14, 555–564.Google Scholar
Lee, D. (1997) Essential Fatty Acids. Woodland Publishing, Inc, Pleasant Grove, Utah.Google Scholar
Longvah, T., Mangthya, K. and Ramulu, P. (2011) Nutrient composition and protein quality evaluation of eri silkworm (Samia ricini) prepupae and pupae. Food Chemistry 128, 400–403.Google Scholar
Mann, J. (1993) Diseases of the heart and circulation; the role of dietary factors in aetiology and management, pp. 619–650. In Human Nutrition and Dietetics (edited by Garrow, J. S. and James, W. P. T.). Churchill, Livingstone London.Google Scholar
Mantzioris, E., Clenad, L. G., Gibson, R. A., Neumann, M. A., Demasi, M. and James, M. J. (2002) Biochemical effects of a diet containing foods enriched with n-3 fatty acids. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 72, 42–48.Google Scholar
Mariod, A. A., Abdel-Wahab, S. I. and Ain, N. M. (2011) Proximate amino acid, fatty acid and mineral composition of two Sudanese edible pentatomid insects. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 31, 145–153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matheson, N. A. (1963) The quantitative isolation of valine from amino acid mixtures as its dinitrophenyl derivative. Biochemical Journal 88, 152–155.Google Scholar
Mech, D. and Ahmed, S. A. (2012) Participatory profiles of women in eri culture in Assam State of India. European Journal of Applied Sciences 4, 177–181.Google Scholar
Mensink, R. P. and Katan, M. B. (1992) Effect of dietary fatty acids on serum lipids and lipoproteins. A meta-analysis of 27 trials. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology 12, 911–919.Google Scholar
Millard, J. H., Jones, B. D. and Blum, A. E. (1946) Colorimetric determination of methionine in proteins and foods. Journal of Biology and Chemistry 166, 313–320.Google Scholar
Mishra, N., Hazarika, N. C., Narain, K. and Mahanta, J. (2003) Nutritive value of non-mulberry and mulberry silkworm pupae and consumption pattern in Assam, India. Nutrition Research 23, 1303–1311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagaraju, J. (2008) Silk of India, grace and luster. Biotechnology News 3, 4–7.Google Scholar
Neidig, B. A. and Hess, W. C. (1952) Simultaneous estimation of threonine and serine. Analytical Chemistry 24, 1627–1628.Google Scholar
Ngeh-Ngwainbi, J., Lin, J. and Chandler, A. (1997) Determination of total, saturated, unsaturated and monounsaturated fats in cereal products by acid hydrolysis and capillary gas chromatography: collaborative study. The Journal of AOAC International 80, 359–372.Google Scholar
Oser, B. L. (1951) Method for integrating essential amino acid content in the nutritional evaluation of protein. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 27, 396–402.Google Scholar
Oser, B. L. (1959) Protein and Amino Acid Nutrition. Albanese Academic Press, New York. 616 pp.Google Scholar
Paul, D. and Dey, S. (2013) Nutritive potential of the silkworm Bombyx mori and its socio-economic significance. Annals of Entomology 31, 67–73.Google Scholar
Peigler, R. S. and Naumann, S. (2003) A Revision of the Silkmoth Genus Samia . University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, Texas. 227 pp.Google Scholar
Ramos-Elorduy, J. (1997) Insects: a sustainable source of food? Ecology of Food and Nutrition 36, 247–276.Google Scholar
Ronghang, R. and Ahmed, R. (2010) Edible insects and their conservation strategy in Karbi Anglong district of Assam, North East India. The Bioscan: Special Issue 2, 515–521.Google Scholar
Rutkowski, M. and Grzegorczyk, K. (2007) Modifications of spectrophotometric methods for antioxidative vitamins determination convenient in analytic practice. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum—Technologia Alimentaria 6, 17–28.Google Scholar
Sadasivam, S. and Manickam, A. (2008) Biochemical Method 3rd edn. New Age International (PVT) Ltd, New Delhi.Google Scholar
Shah, S. A., Rathod, I. S. and Kanakia, D. (2007) Colorimetry method for estimation of glycine, alanine and isoleucine. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science 69, 462–464.Google Scholar
Simopoulos, A. P. (2002) The importance of the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 essential fatty acids. Biomedicine Pharmacotherapy 56, 365–379.Google Scholar
Tsai, C. Y., Hansel, O. E. and Nelson, O. E. (1972) A colorimetric method of screening of maize seeds for lysine content. American Association of Cereal Chemistry 49, 572–579.Google Scholar
Vantomme, P., Göhler, D. and Ziangba, N. D. F. (2004) Odi Wildlife Policy Briefing, No: 3. Available at: http://www.odi.org.uk (accessed 30 September 2011).Google Scholar
USDA (2008) National nutrient database for standard reference. Release 22. Available at: http://www.nal.usda.gov (accessed 12 May 2012).Google Scholar
Yang, L. F., Siriamornpun, S. and Li, D. (2006) Polyunsaturated fatty acid content of edible insects in Thailand. Journal of Food Lipids 13, 277–285.Google Scholar
Zhou, J. H., Sun, X. B., Xu, H. B., Li, Y. Z. and Zhao, J. H. (1996) Research progress on silkworm pupae. Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Research 18, 38–40.Google Scholar
Zhu, L. S. (2004) Exploitation and utilization of the silkworm Antheraea pernyi . Northern Sericulture 25, 32–33.Google Scholar