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Environmental management for the control of parasitic protozoan diseases

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

Thierry A. Freyvogel
Thierry A. Freyvogel
Affiliation:
Swiss Tropical Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4051, Basel, Switzerland
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Abstract

When parasitic disease, whether of protozoan or other origin, gets out of control, it is mostly due to increasing, rarely decreasing, human population pressure and/or to changes of human behaviour. By his various activities man changes his environment; it thus appears logical to try to control disease by environmental management. The goal thereof is not to eradicate disease but rather to establish a new, tolerable equilibrium.

Environmental management has been shown to alleviate the situation. It ought not, however, be seen as a unique measure; it must rather be an integral part of a comprehensiveplan which includes various other approaches simultaneously, such as medical treatment, vector and intermediate host control, improvement of water supply and nutrition, improvement of housing and sanitary conditions.

Environmental management is thus closely interlinked with traditional occupations, customs and beliefs. In addition, environmental management, in the long run, can be undertaken only by local populations. These, therefore, need information and motivation, information through acceptable health education, motivation through long-lasting government support, from all levels and with all departments concerned co-operating, and possibly through appropriate, unobtrusive expatriate assistance.

Résumé

Quand une maladie parasitaire, qu'elle soit d'origine protozoaire ou autre, échappe à tout contrôle, cela est essentiellement dû à une pression plus forte, rarement plus faible, de la population humaine et/ou à des changements dans le comportement humain. De par ses activités variées l'homme modifie son environnement; il paraît done logique d'essayer de contrôler ces maladies par la gestion de l'environnement. Le but de cette dernière n'est pas d'éradiquer les maladies mais plutôt d'établir un nouvel et tolérable équilibre.

Il a été montré que la gestion de l'environnement allège la situation. Il ne faut cependant pas la regarder comme une mesure unique, il faut plutôt la prendre comme partie intégrante d'un plan général qui inclut simultanément, différent types d'approches telles que traitement médical, contrôle des vecteurs et des hôtes intermédiaires, amélioration des ressources en eau et nourriture, amélioration des habitations et des conditions sanitaires.

La gestion de l'environnement est de ce fait étroitement liée aux occupations traditionnelles, aux coutumes et aux croyances. De plus, la gestion de l'environnement, à longue échéance, peut seulement être entreprise par les populations locales. Celles-ci, par conséquent, ont besoin d'informations et de motivation; informations au travers d'une éducation sanitaire acceptable, motivation au travers d'un support à long terme du gouvernement, à tous les niveaux et avec la coopération de tous les départements concernés, et si possible au travers d'une assistance appropriée et discréte par des expatriés.

Keywords

Environmental managementparasitic diseasescommunity participationsupport from outsideAménagement de l'environnementmaladies parasitairesparticipation communautairesoutien extérieur
Type
Research Article
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 7 , Special Issue 3: Progress in Entomology: Proceedings of the VII International Congress of Protozoology , June 1986 , pp. 297 - 304
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1986

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