Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T17:09:22.591Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Abundance of Rice Arthropods and Weeds on the Continuum Toposequence in a West African Inland Valley

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

I. O. Oyediran ,
E. A. Heinrichs  and
D. E. Johnson
I. O. Oyediran
Affiliation:
West Africa Rice Development Association (WARDA), 01 B.P. 2551 Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
E. A. Heinrichs*
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
D. E. Johnson
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, UK
*
Corresponding author: EAH. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

A 2-year study was conducted to determine the abundance of rice arthropods as affected by weeding regimes and toposequence sites, from upland to lowland, in an inland valley in Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa. Toposequence site had an effect on insect populations. Most insects were found in the moist, lower portion of the slope (hydromorphic or phreatic zone) and in the valley bottom (irrigated lowland). Among these were the white leafhoppers Cofana spectra and C. unimaciilata (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), the green leafhoppers Nephotettix spp. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), and the diopsids Diopsis longicornis and D. apicalis (Diptera: Diopsidae). Stemborer damage was generally most severe in the lowland ecology. Weed dry weights and weed species composition were affected by toposequence site. Cyperns difformis L. was most abundant in the lowland and Digitarla horizontalis Willd. in the upland sites. Weeding regime had an effect on the abundance of insect pests and natural enemies (spiders and damselflies) and on the extent of stemborer damage, the effect varying with toposequence site. Implications of the results for the integrated management of weeds and insects are discussed.

Résumé

Dans une zone intérieur de la Côte d'Ivoire (Afrique de l'Ouest), une étude de deux ans a été menée pour déterminer l'effet sur l'abondance des arthropodes, du régime de sarclage et de la toposéquence des sites, partant du plateau au bas-fond. La plupart d'insectes étaient retrouvés dans la partie humide de la zone basse de la pente (zone hydromorphe ou phréatique) de même qu'au fond des vallées (bas-fonds irrigués). Entre autres espèces figuraient les cicadelles blanches Cofana spectra et C. unimaciilata (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), les cicadelles Nephotettix spp. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), et les diopsides Diopsis longicornis et D. apicalis (Diptera: Diospidae). Les dégâts causés par les foreurs de tiges étaient généralement les plus graves dans les écologies de bas-fonds. Le poids sec et la composition des espèces d'adventices étaient affectés par la position de la toposéquence. Cyperus difformis et Digitarla horizontalis étaient les adventices les plus abondantes, respectivement dans les bas-fonds et dans le sites situés sur le plateau. Le régime du sarclage avait un effet sur l'abondance des parasites d'insectes et les ennemis naturels (araignées et libellules) et l'ampleur des dégâts infligés par les foreurs de tiges; et cet effet changeait avec la position de la toposéquence. Les implications des résultats sur la gestion intégrée des adventices et des insectes sont discutées.

Keywords

Oryza sativaricecontinuum toposequenceweedsDiaperasticus spp.Cofana spp.Nephotettix spp.Stenocoris spp. damselfliesspidersstemborersCôte d'IvoireWest AfricaOryza sativacontinuum de toposéquenceadventicesCofana spp.Diaperasticus spp. Cofana spp.Stenocoris spp.libellulesaraignéesforeurs de tigesCôte d'IvoireAfrique d l'Ouest
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 19 , Issue 2-3 , September 1999 , pp. 109 - 119
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Afun, J., Heinrichs, E. A., Johnson, D. E. and Russell-Smith, A. (1995) The influence of weeds in the natural control of upland rice insect pests in Côte d'Ivoire, pp. 181–186. In Brighton Crop Protection Conference-Weeds. British Crop Protection Council, Farnham, UK.Google Scholar
Agyen-Sampong, M. (1982) Sampling methods for rice insects, pp. 372–383. In Integrated Pest Management in Rice in West Africa. Proceedings of a training course on “Concepts, techniques, and applications of integrated pest management in rice in West Africa”, 10–28 January 1982. West Africa Rice Development Association (WARDA), Monrovia, Liberia.Google Scholar
Agyen-Sampong, M. (1988) Assessment of on-farm losses in rice due to insect pests. Insect Sci. Applic. 9, 691–695.Google Scholar
Akinsola, E. A. and Agyen-Sampong, M. (1984) The ecology, bionomics and the control of rice stemborers in West Africa. Insect Sci. Applic. 5, 69–77.Google Scholar
Alghali, A. M. (1979) Weed hosts of Diopsid (Diptera) rice stemborers in Southern Nigeria. Intl. Rice Res. Newsl. 4 (4), 21–22.Google Scholar
Alghali, A. M. (1981) Studies on the relative susceptibility of rice varieties to Diopsis thoracica West. Diptera, Diopsidae. PhD Thesis, Univ. of Ibadan, Nigeria.Google Scholar
Altieri, M. A. (1981) Crop-weed-insect interactions and the development of pest-stable cropping systems, pp. 459–466. In Pests, Pathogens, and Vegetation (Corporate author, Thresh, J. M.). Pitman Advanced Publishing Program, Boston.Google Scholar
Altieri, M. A. (1988a) The dynamics of insect populations in crop systems subject to weed interference, pp. 433–451. In Plant Stress-Insect Interactions (Edited by Heinrichs, E. A.). John Wiley, New York.Google Scholar
Altieri, M. A. (1988b) The impact, uses, and ecological role of weeds in agroecosystems, pp. 2–6. In Weed Management in Agroecosystems: Ecological Approaclies. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.Google Scholar
Altieri, M. A. and Letourneau, D. K. (1984) Vegetation diversity and insect pest outbreaks. CRC Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 2, 131–169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Altieri, M. A. and Liebman, M. (1988) Weed Management in Agroecosystems: Ecological Approaches (Edited by Altieri, M. A. and Liebman, M. A.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.Google Scholar
Altieri, M. A. and Whitcomb, W. H. (1979) The potential use of weeds in the manipulation of beneficial insects. HortScience 14, 12–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Altieri, M. A., van Schoonhoven, A. and Doll, J. (1977) The ecological role of weeds in insect pest management systems: A review illustrated by bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cropping systems. PANS 23, 195–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andow, A. (1988) Management of weeds for insect manipulation in agroecosystems, pp. 265–301. In Weed Management in Agroecosystems: Ecological Approaches (Edited by Altieri, M. A. and Liebman, M. A.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.Google Scholar
Andriesse, W. and Fresco, L. O. (1991) A characterization of rice growing environments in West Africa. Agric, Ecosyst. Environ. 33, 377–395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dakouo, D., Nacro, S. and Bacye, B. (1991) Mise au point système de lutte rationelle contre les insectes ravageurs sur les périmètres rizicoles irrigués au Burkina Faso. Insect Sci. Applic. 12, 565–570.Google Scholar
Heinrichs, E. A., Johnson, J., Afun, J. K. and Robison, D. J. (1995) Rice pests of shifting cultivation in Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa, pp. 537–553. In Fragile Lives in Fragile Ecosystems, proceedings of the International Rice Research Conference, 13–17 February 1995, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines.Google Scholar
Johnson, D. E. (1993) Identification and distribution of key weeds, p. 14. In WARDA Annual Report 1992. West Africa Rice Development Association, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire.Google Scholar
Johnson, D. E. and Diallo, R. (1994) Weeds of rice on the continuum, pp. 33–34. In WARDA Annual Report 1993. West Africa Rice Development Association, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire.Google Scholar
Jones, M. P., Johnson, D., Fofana, B. and Koupeur, T. (1995) Determining traits that enhance weed competitiveness in upland rice, p. 48. In WARDA Annual Report 1994. West Africa Rice Development Association, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire.Google Scholar
Litsinger, J. A. (1984) Cultural, mechanical and physical control of rice insects, pp. 547–582. In Biology and Management of Rice Insects (Edited by Heinrichs, E. A.). Wiley Eastern, New Delhi.Google Scholar
Moyal, P. (1988) Crop losses due to insects in the savannah area of Côte d'Ivoire: A review. Trop. Pest Manage. 34, 455–459.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plowright, R. A. and Hunt, D. J. (1994) Plant parasitic nematodes of upland, hydromorphic and inland swamp rice ecosystems in Côte d'Ivoire. Afro Asian J. Nematol. 4, 61–67.Google Scholar
Prot, J. C. and Matias, D. M. (1995) Effects of water regime on the distribution of Meloidogyne graminicola and other root parasitic nematodes in a rice field toposequence and pathogenicity of M. graminicola on rice cultivar UPL R15. Nematologica 41, 219–228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Risch, S. J. (1981) Insect herbivore abundance in tropical monocultures and polycultures: An experimental test of two hypotheses. Ecol. 62, 1325–1340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Risch, S. J., Andow, D. and Altieri, M. A. (1983) Agroecosystem diversity and pest control: Data, tentative conclusions, and new research directions. Environ. Entomol. 12, 625–629.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Root, R. B. (1973) Organization of a plant-arthropod association in simple and diverse habitats: The fauna of collards (Brassica oleracea). Ecol. Monographs 43, 95–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SAS Institute (1988) SAS language guide for personal computers, release 6.03 éd. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.Google Scholar
Srivastava, A. S. and Saxena, H. P. (1967) Rice bug Leptocorisa varicornis Fabricius and allied species, pp. 525–548. In The Major Insect Pests of the Rice Plant. Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore.Google Scholar
Ukwungwu, M. N. and Odebiyi, J. A. (1984) Yield losses in resistant and susceptible varieties of rice in Nigeria due to Chilo zacconius and other stem borers. Trop. Pest Manage. 30, 291–295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[WARDA] West Africa Rice Development Association (1988) Annual Report for 1988. WARDA, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire.Google Scholar
William, R. D. (1981) Complementary interactions between weeds, weed control practices and pests in horticultural cropping systems. HortScience 16, 508–513.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zan, K., John, V. T. and Alam, M. S. (1984) Rice-production problems in Africa, pp. 64–70. In Advancing Agricultural Production in Africa (Edited by Hawksworth, D. L.). Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, Slough, UK.Google Scholar