Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T23:34:39.925Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Combination Vaccines

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 October 2009

Ronald W. Ellis
Affiliation:
Merck Research Laboratories
R. Gordon Douglas Jr
Affiliation:
Merck Vaccine Division

Abstract

The availability of new vaccines for pediatric use provides an unprecedented opportunity to prevent serious infectious diseases and their associated morbidity and mortality. However, each new product entails the need for additional injections that could become so numerous as to discourage the administration of new vaccines. This challenge can be overcome by mixing individual vaccines before delivery such that multiple vaccines are administered as single combination vaccines. Technical, clinical, manufacturing, regulatory and marketing issues relative to combination vaccines in general are the major challenges for ongoing and future development.

Type
Special Section: Vaccines and Public Health: Assessing Technologies and Public Policies
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Allison, A. C., & Byars, N. E. Immunological adjuvants and their mode of action. In Ellis, R. W. (ed.)., Vaccines: New approaches to immunological problems. Stoneham, MA: Butterworth Publishers, 1992, 431–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Calandra, G. B., & West, D. J. Recommendations for prevention of hepatitis B with vaccine. In Ellis, R. W. (ed.), Hepatitis B vaccines in clinical practice. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1993, 116.Google Scholar
3.Centers for Disease Control. New recommended schedule for active immunization of normal infants and children. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 1987, 35, 577–79.Google Scholar
4.Clemens, J. D., Ferreccio, C., Levine, M. M., et al. Impact of Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide-tetanus protein conjugate vaccine on responses to concurrently administered diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine. Journal of the American Medical Association, 1992, 267, 673–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5.Giebing, P. G., Hall, C. B., & Plotkin, S. A. (eds.). Reports of the Committee on Infectious Diseases, 20th ed.Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics, 1986.Google Scholar
6.Paradiso, P., Madore, D., Hogerman, S., et al. Immunogenicity of DTaP-HbOC in toddlers primed by DTP and HbOC as separate injections or DTP-HbOC combination vaccine. Abstract no. 307. Presented at the 32d Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Anaheim, CA, 1992.Google Scholar
7.Shapiro, E. D., Berg, A. T., Austrian, R., et al. The protective efficacy of polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. New England Journal of Medicine, 1991, 325, 1453–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8.Stevens, C. E., Taylor, P. E., Tong, M. J., et al. Yeast-recombinant hepatitis B vaccine: Efficacy with hepatitis B immune globulin in prevention of perinatal hepatitis B virus transmission. Journal of the American Medical Association, 1987, 257, 2612–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Szmuness, W., Stevens, C. E., Zang, E. A., et al. Controlled clinical trial of the efficacy of the hepatitis B vaccine (Heptavax B): A final report. Hepatology, 1981, 1, 377–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10.Takahashi, M., Okuno, Y., Otsuka, T., et al. Development of a live attenuated varicella vaccine. Biken Journal, 1975, 18, 2533.Google ScholarPubMed
11.Vella, P. P., & Ellis, R. W. Hemophilus b conjugate vaccines. In Ellis, R. W. (ed.), Vaccines: New approaches to immunological problems. Stoneham, MA: Butterworth Publishers, 1992, 122.Google Scholar
12.Watemberg, N., Dagan, R., Arbelli, Y., et al. Safety and immunogenicity of Haemophilus type b tetanus protein conjugate vaccine, mixed in the same syringe with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine in young infants. Pediatric Infectious Diseases Journal, 1991, 10, 758–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13.Weibel, R. E., Buynak, E. B., McLean, A. A., et al. Follow-up surveillance for antibody in human subjects following live attenuated measles, mumps and rubella virus vaccines. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biologies and Medicine, 1979, 162, 328.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed