Objective: To present a summary of the papers in this volume, illustrating the links between health technology assessment (HTA), health policies and specifically policies toward prevention and screening, and implementation of screening tests in the case of three screening methods: mammography screening for breast cancer, screening for prostate cancer, and routine use of ultrasound in pregnancy.

Method: To commission papers from eight European countries based on a set of questions to be answered, as well as a paper synthesizing the scientific literature on the three screening procedures.

Results: Indicate that few of the countries examined have developed effective links between HTA, health policy, and implementation related to screening procedures. Only Sweden and the Netherlands appear to have developed such links. In the other countries, HTA has a limited role in determining health policy. It also seems to be uncommon for countries to have a specific prevention strategy.

Conclusion: The major conclusion is that countries of Europe need to develop HTA as part of prevention policies.