¹ Evliya, Çelebi, Seyahatname (Istanbul, 1896), I, 426 (hereafter Evliya).Google Scholar

² E.g., Galatz Point near Varna, Bulgaria, and Point Galatariaon the Dardanelles.

³ Hardtmann, I. H., ‘Historische Bilder von Bosphor,’ Bosphore, 3 (1907), 16.Google Scholar

⁴ Jean, Sauvaget, ‘La Colonie Genoise de Pera,’ Syria, 8 (1934), 252.Google Scholar

⁵ Calata, Ital., ‘landing stage’; darsena from Turk. tersana, ‘naval arsenal, especially that at Istanbul’ (Redhouse Sözlügü[Istanbul, 1968], p. 1152).Google Scholar

⁶ Pietro, della Valle, Viaggi (Bologna, 1672), pp. 25–22.Google Scholar

⁷ FranÇois-Alphonse, Belin, Histoire de Ia latinité de Constantinople (Paris,1894), p. 526.Google Scholar

⁸ Evliya, , I, 426.Google Scholar

⁹ Jean, de Thevenot, L'Empire deGrand Turc, in John, Knox, ed., A New Collection of Voyages: Discoveries and Travels (London, 1762), p. 74.Google Scholar

¹⁰ ömer, Lūtfi Barkan,‘Tarihi Demografi Araştirmalar, ve Osmanli Tarihi,’Türkiyat Mecmuasi, 50 (1952), 207.Google Scholar

¹¹ Bailo, Moro, ‘Lettera: Relazione Venete,’ in Eugenio, Alberi, Retazioni degliAmbasciatori Veneti al Senato durante il Secolo XV–XVI, 3 ser. (Florence, 1863), III, 334.Google Scholar

¹² Evliya, , I, 413–433.Google Scholar

¹³ İstanbul Rehberi (Istanbul,1934), p. 190.Google Scholar

¹⁴ Francisco, Balducci Pegolotti, Della Practica della Mercatura (Genoa, 1766), III, 83.Google Scholar

¹⁵ Vincenzo, Promis, Statuti della Colonia Genovese di Pera (Turin, 1871), p. 28.Google Scholar

¹⁶ Pegolotti, , Della Practica, 111, 10.Google Scholar

¹⁷ Robert, Mantran, Istanbul dans laséconde moitié de XVII siècle (Paris, 1962), p. 74.Google Scholar

¹⁸ Richard, Franz Kreutel, ed., Lebenund Täten der Türkischen Kaiser (Vienna, 1971), pp. 98–101.Google Scholar

¹⁹ İsmail, Hakkt UzunÇarili, Osmanli Tarihi (Ankara, 1961), II, 485.Google Scholar

²⁰ Kreutel, , Leben und Täten, p. 116.Google Scholar

²¹ Nasim, Susa, ‘The Capitulatory Régime of Turkey: Its History, Origin and Nature,’Ph.D. diss. Johns Hopkins University (Baltimore, 1933).Google Scholar

²² Alexandros, G. Paspatis, Poliorkiatis Konstantinopolis (Athens, 1890), p. 205.Google Scholar

²³ Lodovico, Sauli, Della Colonia deiGenovesi a Galata (Turin, 1831), II, 47.Google Scholar

²⁴ Giovanni, Mauri, Relatione dellostato della Cristianitá di Pera e Constantinopoli, ed.Eugene, Dalleggio d'Alessio (Istanbul, 1925), p. 26.Google Scholar

²⁵ The most authoritative version of this treaty is EugeneDalleggio d'Alessio, ‘Traitéé; entre les Genois de Galata etMahmet II (ler Juin, 1453): versions et commentaires,’ Echosd'Orient, 39 (Jan., 1940), 161–174.

²⁶ Accounts of the sacking are found in FrancescoSansovino, ‘Presa di Constantinopoli l'anno 1453 a 29 Maggio,’Letter, Vatican Archives, 1453, f. 345v; and Nicholas V, ‘Constantinopolis aTeucis obsessa,’ Papal bull, Vatican Archives, Registro veneto, ff. 133430v.

²⁷ Vakiflar, UmumMüdürlüǵü, ‘El Akarat fi Darel-Feth-i Galata,’ Fatih Vakfi (Ankara, 1938), ff. 167–228.Google Scholar

²⁸ Sauli, , Della Colonia dei Genovesi aGalata, p. 172.Google Scholar

²⁹ Nicephoros, Gregoras, Byzantina Historia (Bonn, 1855), III, 26.Google Scholar

³⁰ Johann, von Hammer-Purgstall, Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches (Budapest, 1827–1835), p. 525.Google Scholar

³¹ Sauli, , Della Colonia dei genovesi aGalata, p. 82.Google Scholar

³² Roberto, Lopez, La Storia di Colonie Genovesi nel Mediterraneo (Bologna, 1938), p. 45.Google Scholar

³³ Marino, Sanuto, Diarii (Venice, 1879–1903), p. 346.Google Scholar

³⁴ FranÇois, Petis de la Croix, Memoirs (Paris, 1684), p. 17.Google Scholar

³⁵ Gasparo, A., Bishop of Spiega,‘Letter, Sept. 20, 1679,’ Propaganda Fidei, Scritture Riferite, 5. 477, ff. 205–202.Google Scholar

³⁶ Franz, F. Babinger, Mehmet der Eroberer und seine Zeit (Munich, 1953), p. 27.Google Scholar

³⁷ Hammer-Purgstall, , Geschichte, III, 68.Google Scholar

³⁸ The Magnifica Communitá functioned like amillet (i.e., a semi-autonomous non-Muslim community within the Ottoman Empire).Originally millet (Arab., milla) was any divinely inspired religion but later came tosignify a nationality or a minority group. Enzyklopaedie des Islams (Leiden, 1936), III, 573.

³⁹ Eugene, Dallegio d'Alessio, ‘La Communauté latine de Constantinople au lendemain de laconquête ottomane,’ Echos d'Orient, 36 (1937), 309.Google Scholar

⁴⁰ Kreutel, , Leben, p. 35.Google Scholar

⁴¹ Sad-ed, Din ibn Hasanjan, Cronica degli originie progressi della casa ottomana (Tajut-Tavarih), (Vienna, 1649), I, 471.Google Scholar

⁴² şişman, S.,‘Istanbul Karaylar’, İstanbul EnstitüisüDergisi, 3 (1957), 99;Google ScholarAbraham, Galanté, Histoire des Juifsd'Istanbul (Istanbul, 1942), II, 177.Google Scholar

⁴³ ‘Hüseyin bin Ismail Ayvansarayi,’ Hadihat-ül Cevami (Istanbul, 1864), II, 30.Google Scholar

⁴⁴ ‘Relazione di Messer Bernardo Flavgirio, Baylo a Constantinopoli nel 1552 fatta nel eccelentissimo Consiglio,’ Vatican Archives, Missioni, armadio LXVI, ff. 2–53.

⁴⁵ Carlo Bartolome, ‘Relazione de Messer Canalli retornato dal Gran Turco,’ Vatican Archives, Missioni, armadio XV, 99, ff. 57–78.

⁴⁶ Jerome, Maurand, Itineraire de Jerome Maurand: voyage de Antibes a Constantinople, 1544 (Paris, 1901), p. 204.Google Scholar

⁴⁷ Mehmet, Cezar,‘İstanbul'da Yanginlar,’ Türk Sanat Tarihi Araştirmalar, 1 (1963), 327 ff.Google Scholar

⁴⁸ Manfroni, C., ‘Le Relazioni fra Genova, Bizanio ed i Turchi,’ Atti dell Socitá Ligure, 28 (1899), 762.Google Scholar

⁴⁹ Pietro, Cedulini, Visita della Chiese di Constantinopoli sotto la Santa Memoria di Gregorio XIII (1954), f.145.Google Scholar

⁵⁰ Reinhold, Lübenau, Beschreibung der Reisen Reinhold Lübenaus (Königsberg, 1914), p. 289.Google Scholar

⁵¹ John, Sanderson, Travels of John Sanderson in the Levant (London, 1931), p. 81.Google Scholar

⁵² Ogier, Ghislain de Busbeck, Turkish Letters (Oxford, 1927), p. 136.Google Scholar

⁵³ Michael, Herber, Aegiptica Servitas (Heidelberg, 1610), p. 360.Google Scholar

⁵⁴ Sanderson, , Travels, p. 184.Google Scholar

⁵⁵ Fynes, Moryson, Itinerary (London, 1617), I, 261.Google Scholar

⁵⁶ Sanderson, , Travels, p. 73.Google Scholar

⁵⁷ ibid., p. 130.

⁵⁸ Evliya, , I, 429.Google Scholar

⁵⁹ Eugene, Dalleggio d'Alessio,‘Recherches sur l'histoire de la latinité àConstantinople,’ Echos d'Orient, 25 (1926), 21.Google Scholar

⁶⁰ Harnmer-Purgstall, , Geschichte, 10, 113.Google Scholar

⁶¹ Mustaía, Naima, Tatih-iNaima (Istanbul, 1866), III, 457.Google Scholar

⁶² Hammer-Purgstall, , Geschichte, 10, 113.Google Scholar

⁶³ FranÇois, Emmanuel de Guignard, Mémoirs sur l'ambassade de France en Turquie (Paris, 1877), p. 279.Google Scholar

⁶⁴ Richard, Knolles, Turkish History (London, 1701), II, 169.Google Scholar

⁶⁵ ibid., p. 230.

⁶⁶ ibid., p. 255.

⁶⁷ Mantran, , Istanbul dans Ia secondemoitié du XVII siècle, pp. 521–522.Google Scholar

⁶⁸ Raşid, ed-Din Tabib, Cami' et-Tavarih, ed. Ahmed, Ateş (Ankara, 1957), I, 177.Google Scholar

⁶⁹ Ahmet, Refik, XVI. Hicri Asrindaİstanbul Hayati (Istanbul, 1930), p. 59.Google Scholar

⁷⁰ Evliya, , I, 431–433 (author's translation).Google Scholar Evliya, for some reason, did not note the two greatorchards at San Benedetto mentioned below (ibid., pp. 427–429).

⁷¹ Pierre, de Tournefort, Relationd'un voyage du Levant (Paris, 1717), I, 505.Google Scholar

⁷² Schneider, A. M. and Nomidis, M.I., Galata (Istanbul), p. 18;Google ScholarMaurand, , Itineraire, pp. 202–203.Google Scholar

⁷³ de Launay, M., ‘Notice sur les fortifications de Galata,’ Univers, Revue Oriental (10. 1874–1875);Google ScholarGottwald, J., ‘Die Stadtmaurn von Galata’Bosphor, 4 (1907) 5–72.Google Scholar

⁷⁴ Tommaso, Bertelé, Il Palazzodegli Ambasciatori di Venezia a Constantinopoli (Bologna, 1932), p. 70.Google Scholar

⁷⁵ Frederick, William Hasluck,‘Dr. Covel's Notes on Galata,’ Annual of the British School at Athens, Vol. 11 (1905), pp. 50–52.Google Scholar Arms on the walls are discussed in Ludovico, Beigrano, Documenti Riguardanti la Colonia Genovese di Pera (Turin, 1880), n. 43.Google Scholar

⁷⁶ Ayvansarayi, , Hadikat-ülCevarni, II, 57.Google Scholar

⁷⁷ Fuat, Carim, Kanunï Devrindeİstanbul (Istanbul, 1964), pp. 163–174.Google Scholar

⁷⁸ Evliya, , I, 429.Google Scholar

⁷⁹ Hürriyet, Sept. 9, 1965; Sept. 29,1967.

⁸⁰ Eremiya, , ÇelebiKömürcüyan, Istanbul tarihi (Istanbul, 1936), pp. 61–62.Google Scholar

⁸¹ Evliya, , I, 424–426, 430.Google Scholar

⁸² Semavi, Eyice, Galata ye Kulesi (Istanbul, 1969), p. 55.Google Scholar

⁸³ Ahmet, Refik, XVI Hicri Asrinda, p. 133.Google Scholar

⁸⁴ Eremiya, , İstanbul, pp. 16–19;Google ScholarPierre, Gilles, De Topographia Constantinopoleos (Lyon, 1562), p. 9.Google Scholar

⁸⁵ Christos, Sebastou Byzantios, Konstantinopolis (Athens, 1862), II, 6.Google Scholar

⁸⁶ Evliya, , I, 562.Google Scholar

⁸⁷ Eremiya, , İstanbul, p. 38.Google Scholar

⁸⁸ Gilles, , Topographia, p. 271.Google Scholar

⁸⁹ Cristoforo, Buondelmonte, DescriptioUrbis Constantinopolis (Leipzig, 1824); Fatih Vakfi, xsf. 240.Google Scholar

⁹⁰ Eremiya, , İstanbul, p. 39.Google Scholar

⁹¹ Evliya, , I, 445.Google Scholar

⁹² Evliya, , I, 431.Google Scholar

⁹³ Vatican, Archives, Relazionevenete, 3 ser. I, 274.Google Scholar

⁹⁴ Pegolotti, , Della Practica, III, 15.Google Scholar

⁹⁵ Luigi, Tommaso Beigrano, Documenti riguardandi la Colonia Genovese di Pera (Genoa, 1888)Google Scholar in Atti della Societý Ligure di storia Patria V. 13, p. 116.Google Scholar

⁹⁶ ibid., plate 4.

⁹⁷ Evliya, , I, 664.Google Scholar

⁹⁸ ibid., p. 431.

⁹⁹ Mehmet, Tevfik, ‘Meyhaneyahut İstanbul Akşamlart,’ İstanbul'da BuSene, 5 (Istanbul, 1886), 3 ff.Google Scholar

¹⁰⁰ Arnold, von Harif, The Pilgrimage of Arnold von Harff (London, 1946), passim.Google Scholar

¹⁰¹ Luigi, Bassano, Costumi et i modi particulari della vita del Turchi (Munich, 1963), p. 72.Google Scholar

¹⁰² ibid., p. 119.

¹⁰³ Franz, Babinger, Hans Dernschwands Tagebuch (Leipzig, 1925), p. 102.Google Scholar

¹⁰⁴ Sanderson, , Travels, p. 184.Google Scholar

¹⁰⁵ Eremiya, , İstanbul, p. 16.Google Scholar

¹⁰⁶ Akdes, Nimet Kürat, İngliz-Türk Münasebetlerinin BaşlangiÇi (Ankara, 1953), p. 75.Google Scholar

¹⁰⁷ ibid., pp. 51–57.

¹⁰⁸ Fatih Vakfi, f. 98, n. 9.

¹⁰⁹ Evliya, , I, 426.Google Scholar

¹¹⁰ ibid., p. 68.

¹¹¹ Fatih Vakfi, f. 98.

¹¹² ibid., f. 95.

¹¹³ Ererniya, , İstanbul, pp. 38–39.Google Scholar

¹¹⁴ Jean, Ebersolt, Orient andOccident (Paris, 1954), illus. no. 34.Google Scholar

¹¹⁵ Frank, Babinger, ‘Vier Bauvorschlage Leonardo da Vinci urn Sultan Bajezit I,’ Nachrichten der Akademie der Wissenschaften (Göttigen, 1952).Google Scholar

¹¹⁶ Bassano, , Constumi, pp. 15–16;Google ScholarNicholas, de Nicolay, Peregrinations et voyages (Lyons, 1568), p. 118.Google Scholar

¹¹⁷ Cornelis, Desimoni, I Genovesi ed iloro quartiere in Constantinopoli nel secolo XIII (Genoa, 1885), p. 269.Google Scholar

¹¹⁸ Sanderson, , Travels, p. 157.Google Scholar

¹¹⁹ Thomas, Sherley, Discourses of Turkey (London, 1936), II, 4.Google Scholar

¹²⁰ Bassano, , Costumi, p. 176.Google Scholar

¹²¹ Hammer-Purgstall, , Geschichte, III, 168.Google Scholar

¹²² Bassano, , Costumi, p. 36.Google Scholar

¹²³ Ahmet, Refik, XVI Hicri asrinda, III, 30.Google Scholar

¹²⁴ Schneider, and Nomidis, , Galata, , p. 35;Google ScholarBertrans, Bareilles, Constantinople (Paris, 1818), p. 128;Google ScholarCelal, Esat, Eski Galata (Istanbul, 1911), p. 114;Google ScholarCornelius, Gurlitt, Die BaukunstKonstantinoples (Berlin, 1912), p. 53.Google Scholar

¹²⁵ Fatih, Vakfi, ff. 218, 195–199.Google Scholar

¹²⁶ Sherley, , Discourses, p. 15.Google Scholar

¹²⁷ Vigna, p., Illustrazione Storica (Genoa, 1864), p. 139 ff.Google Scholar

¹²⁸ Belgrano, , Documenti, p. 153.Google Scholar

¹²⁹ Fatih Vakfi, f. 45.

¹³⁰ Osman, Ergin, Fatih Akaret, Vakfiyesi (Istanbul, 1945), p. 397.Google Scholar

¹³¹ Eugenio, Dalleggio d'Alessio, Le pietre sepoicrali d'Arab Giami (antica chiesa di S. Paolo aGalata) (Genoa, 1942), p. 160 ff.Google Scholar

¹³² Fatih Vakft, no. 45, f. 202; doe. 318, f. 258.

¹³³ Hasluck, , ‘Dr. Covel'sNotes on Galata,’ p. 58;Google ScholarEremiya, , Istanbul, p. 236.Google Scholar

¹³⁴ Cedulini, , Visita, f. 16.Google Scholar

¹³⁵ Eremiya, , Istanbul, p. 40.Google Scholar

¹³⁶ Evliya, , I, p. 124;Google ScholarEugene, Dallegio d'Alessio, ‘Le MonastèreSaint Benoit,’ Echos d'Orient, 33 (1934),Google Scholaridem., ‘Citerne de Saint Benoit,’ Echosd'Orient, 33 (1934), 59.Google Scholar

¹³⁷ Semavi, Eyice, Galata ve Kulesi (Istanbul, 1969), p. 53.Google Scholar

¹³⁸ Belgrano, , Documenti, p. 354.Google Scholar

¹³⁹ Père Pacifique de Provins, Le Voyage de Perse (Assisi, 1939), p. 46.Google Scholar

¹⁴⁰ Palmieri, A., ‘Dagli archividei Conventuali a Constantinopoli,’ Bessarione (Rome, 1901), p. 9, 130.Google Scholar

¹⁴¹ Bulletin du Vicariat Apostolique du Constantinople, 4 (May, 1918), 279–281.

¹⁴² Benedetto, Palazzo, ‘La communauté latine de Constantinople en 16ème siècle, leséglises,’ Le Flambeau, 40 (1950), 42.Google Scholar Themost complete and authoritative work on the church of St. Francis is: Gualberto, Matteucci, Un glorioso Convento Francescano suite rivedel Bosforo (Florence, 1967).Google Scholar

¹⁴³ Giovanni, Mauri, Relazione dellostato della Cristianitá di Pera e Constantinopoli, p. 71.Google Scholar

¹⁴⁴ Bein, , Histoire de lalatinité, p. 318.Google Scholar

¹⁴⁵ ibid., p. 165.

¹⁴⁶ ibid., p. 187.

¹⁴⁷ Mauri, , Relazione, p. 328.Google Scholar

¹⁴⁸ Palazzo, , Communautélatine, p. 6.Google Scholar

¹⁴⁹ d'Alessio, ,‘Recherches,’ p. 26.Google Scholar

¹⁵⁰ Tahsin, öz, ‘Zwei Stiftungen Urkunde des Sultan Mehmets II Fatih,’ Mitteilungen vom Archäologische Institute des Deutsclzes Reiches, 4 (1935).Google Scholar

¹⁵¹ Baithasar, de Monconys, Journal desvoyages de Constantinople par M. de Monconys (Lyons, 1619), I, 376.Google Scholar

¹⁵² Solomon, Sweiger, Reissbeschreibung (Nurnburg, 1619), p. 133.Google Scholar

¹⁵³ Joseph, von Hammer-Purgstall, Constantinopolis und der Bosphorus (Osnabruck, 1967), II, 84.Google Scholar

¹⁵⁴ The principal sources regarding St. Peter's (SanPietro) are Lönertz, R., ‘Lesétablissements Dominicans de Pera, origines et fondations,’Echos d'Orient, 30 (1935), and Vicar General, Orderof Preachers, ‘Cose della Missione dei Padri Predicanti in Constantonopoli’, Rome, Registro dei Conti, 1600–1680.Google Scholar

¹⁵⁵ Pietro, della Valle, Viaggi, p. 26.Google Scholar

¹⁵⁶ Belin, , Histoire de Ialatinité, p. 275.Google Scholar

¹⁵⁷ Pierre, Gilles, Topografia, p. 288.Google Scholar

¹⁵⁸ Loyd, L., ‘Colonia Commercale degli Italiani in Oriente nel Medioevo,’ Ph.D. diss. (Turin, 1866), II, 357;Google ScholarRaymond, lanin‘Les Sanctuaires du quartier de Pera,’ Echos d'Orient, 31 (01, 1936), 181.Google Scholar

¹⁵⁹ For the plan of San Michele see: Ernest, Mamboury, Constantinople: Tourists' Guide (Istanbul, 1926);Google ScholarGilles, , Topographia, p. 11.Google Scholar

¹⁶⁰ Belin, , Histoire de lalatinité, p. 330.Google Scholar

¹⁶¹ ibid., p. 349.

¹⁶² Lukas, lnciciyan, Coĝragya(Amaranots Piwzandean) (Venice, 1794), V, 183.Google Scholar

¹⁶³ ibid.

¹⁶⁴ Oktay, Aslanapa, KütahyaÇiniler (Istanbul, 1949), p. 63.Google Scholar

¹⁶⁵ Gilles, , Topographia, p. 334.Google Scholar

¹⁶⁶ Mitrofan, Vasilevich Levtchenko, Byzance, des origines à 1453 (Paris, 1949), p. 275.Google Scholar

¹⁶⁷ Belin, , Histoire de lalatinité, p. 218.Google Scholar

¹⁶⁸ ibid., p. 317.

¹⁶⁹ Eugene Dallegio d'Allesio, personal communication (Athens, 1972), my translation.

¹⁷⁰ Paul, Rycaut, Present State of the Ottoman Empire (London, 1668), p. 42.Google Scholar