In the past two years, the Arab Psychiatrists' Association has accomplished at least two major objectives: organizing an international conference on the mental health of Arab women, held in Tunisia in 2001, and publishing a work in Cairo on the same subject, written by Mouna Sawaf and Koutaiba Alguilbi. This illustrates the importance this scientific institution gives to such a discussion. The conference and the publication are both the work of the second generation of Arab psychiatrists—the first generation devoted itself primarily to the training of personnel, setting up institutions for mental care, regulating the profession, and so on. This new generation of psychiatrists, in which women are present in ever greater numbers, is directing its attention increasingly to societal problems, looking to answer social needs, as everyone admits that the region's development cannot take place without the active participation of women.