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⁸ Ibid., pp. 88–98.

⁹ Rokkan, Stein and Urwin, Derek W., Economy, Territory. Identity: Politics of West European Peripheries (London: Sage, 1983), p. 67.Google Scholar

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¹³ The question of control over the territories occupied by Israel in 1967 is an example. In addition to aspirations for territory and security, for religious fundamentalists on both sides there is also an overriding moral or religious issue at stake. Any compromise is seen as religiously repugnant.

¹⁴ Young, Politics of Cultural Pluralism, p. 54.

¹⁵ Ibid., pp. 32–33.

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³⁶ Carroll, “Secularization and States of Modernity,” 372–73.

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⁴¹ The differing classification of Qatar and Saudi Arabia is based primarily on their distinctiveness from contiguous states, but relative size is relevant too. Similarities with the Saudis may weaken the sense of distinctiveness for the people of Qatar, but the reverse is not true.

⁴² See the editor's “Preface to the Paperback Edition,” in Haim, Sylvia G., ed., Arab Nationalism: An Anthology (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1976), p. ix.Google Scholar

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⁴⁴ Data on successful and unsuccessful irregular transfers of executive powers, on numbers of protest demonstrations, and on numbers of deaths resulting from political violence, are all derived from Taylor, Charles Lewis and Jodice, David A., World Handbook of Political and Social Indicators, 3rd ed., vol. 2 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1983). Data are not available for Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates. The statistical procedure employed is one-way analysis of variance.Google Scholar

⁴⁵ Segmented societies had the highest frequency of attempted irregular transfers of executive powers, of protest demonstrations, and of deaths resulting from political violence. Countries that are homogeneous but not distinctive in religion ranked second in average number of demonstrations and deaths, and third in average number of attempted irregular transfers. Homogeneous and distinctive societies ranked second on attempted irregular transfers, and lowest on the other two measures.