Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-31T22:50:43.408Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Crisis of Minorities in Ethnic States: The Case of Palestinian Citizens in Israel

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 April 2009

Naditn Rouhana  and
Asʿad Ghanem
Naditn Rouhana
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Graduate Program in Dispute Resolution, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Boston, Mass. 02125, Associate at the Center for International Affairs, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. 02138.
Asʿad Ghanem
Affiliation:
Lecturer, Department of Political Science, University of Haifa, Israel, Research Fellow at the Center for Peace Studies, Givat Haviva, Israel.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The vast majority of states in the international system, democratic and non-democratic, are multi-ethnic (Gurr 1993). A liberal-democratic multi-ethnic state serves the collective needs of all its citizens regardless of their ethnic affiliation, and citizenship—legally recognized membership in the political structure called a state—is the single criterion for belonging to the state and for granting equal opportunity to all members of the system. Whether a multi-ethnic democratic state should provide group rights above and beyond individual legal equality is an ongoing debate (Gurr & Harff 1994).

Type
Articles
Information
International Journal of Middle East Studies , Volume 30 , Issue 3 , August 1998 , pp. 321 - 346
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abu-Raia, I. (1991) Developmental Leadership: The Case of the Islamic Movement in Umm-Alfahem, Israel (Worcester, Mass.: Clark University)Google Scholar
Al-Haj, M. (1995) Education, Empowerment, and Control: The Case of the Arabs in Israel (Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Al-Haj, M.. (1993) “The Impact of the Intifada on the Arabs in Israel: The Case of Double Periphery,” in Framing the Intifada: Media and People, ed. Cohen, Akiba and Wolsfeld, Gadi (Norwood, N.J.: Albex Publishing), 64–75.Google Scholar
Al-Haj, M.. (1988a) “The Changing Arab Kinship Structure: The Effects of Modernization in an Urban Community,” Economic Development and Cultural Change 36 (01): 237–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Al-Haj, M.. (1988b) “The Sociopolitical Structure of the Arabs in Israel: External vs. Internal Orientations,” in The Arab–Jewish Relations in Israel: A Quest in Human Understanding, ed. Hofman, John (Bristol, Ind.: Wyndham Hall Press), 92–122.Google Scholar
Al-Haj, M., and Rosenfeld, H. (1990) The Arab Local Government in Israel (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press).Google Scholar
Avineri, A. (1995) “‘The Hope’ Will Not Die,” Haʾaretz (20 10), in Hebrew.Google Scholar
Azar, E. E. (1990) The Management of Protracted Social Conflict (Hampshire: Dartmouth Publishing).Google Scholar
Benziman, Uzi, and Mansour, Attallah (1992) Subtenants: The Arabs of Israel, Their Status and the Policy Towards Them (Jerusalem: Keter).Google Scholar
Bishara, A. (1993) “On the Question of the Palestinian Minority in Israel,” Theory and Criticism 3 (Winter): 7–20, in Hebrew.Google Scholar
Burton, J. (1987) Resolving Deep-Rooted Conflict: A Handbook (Lanham, Md.: University Press of America).Google Scholar
Burton, J.. (1990) Conflict: Resolution and Provention (New York: St. Martin's Press).Google Scholar
Cohen, R. (1990) The Puzzle of Loyalties: Society and Politics in the Arab Sector (Tel Aviv: Am Oved), in Hebrew.Google Scholar
Connor, W. (1994) Ethnonationalism: The Quest for Understanding (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gabai, M. (1984) Israeli Arabs: Problems of Identity (Givat Haviva: Institute for Arabic Studies), in Hebrew.Google Scholar
Ghanem, A. (1998) “The Limits of Parliamentary Politics: The Arab Minority in Israel and the 1992 and 1996 Elections,” Israel Affairs 4, 2: 69–70.Google Scholar
Ginat, J. (1989) “Israeli Arabs; Some Recent Social and Political Trends,” Asian and African Studies 23, 2/3:183–204.Google Scholar
Gurr, T. R. (1993) Minoritiès at Risk: A Global View of Ethnopolitical Conflicts (Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press).Google Scholar
Gurr, T. R., and Harff, B. (1994) Ethnic Conflict in World Politics: Dilemmas in World Politics (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press).Google Scholar
Haidar, A. (1991) Social Welfare Services for Israel's Arab Population (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press).Google Scholar
Halabi, U. (1987) “Discrimination on the Basis of National Affiliation in Israeli Legislation,” (M.A. thesis, Hebrew University Law School, Jerusalem).Google Scholar
Hareven, A. (1994) Annual Progress Report: Equality and Integration (Sikkuy, Jerusalem).Google Scholar
Hareven, A.. (1995a) Annual Progress Report: Equality and Integration (Sikkuy, Jerusalem), in Hebrew.Google Scholar
Hareven, A.. (1995b) “Towards the Year 2025: Will Civil Society Shared by Jews and Arabs in Israel Become Feasible?” in The Arab Citizens of IsraeiTowards the Twenty-First Century, A Special Issue of Hamizrah Hehadash, ed. Landau, J., Ghanem, A., and Hareven, A. (Jerusalem: Magness Press), 117–22, in Hebrew.Google Scholar
Israel, Central Bureau of Statistics (1995) Statistical Abstract of Israel (Jerusalem: Central Bureau of Statistics).Google Scholar
Jiryis, S. (1976) The Arabs in Israel (New York: Monthly Review Press).Google Scholar
Jubran, S. (1995) “Education and Culture as Factors of Change,” in The Arab Citizens of Israel Towards the Twenty-First Century, A Special Issue of Hamizrah Hehadash, ed. Landau, J., Ghanem, A., and Hareven, A. (Jerusalem: Magness Press), 117–22.Google Scholar
Khalidi, R. (1997) Palestinian Identity (New York: Columbia University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khalidi, R. I. (1988) The Arab Economy in Israel (London: Croon Helm).Google Scholar
Khamaysi, R. (1994) “Economic Development of the Arab Town [in Israel],” in Annual Progress Report: Equality and Integration, ed. Hareven, A. (Jerusalem: Sikkuy), 15–32, in Hebrew.Google Scholar
Kimmerling, B., and Migdal, J. (1993). Palestinians: The Making of a People (New York: Free Press).Google Scholar
Klein, C. (1987) Israel as a Nation-State and the Problem of the Arab Minority: In Search of a Status (Tel Aviv: International Center for Peace in the Middle East).Google Scholar
Kretzmer, D. (1990) The Legal Status of the Arabs in Israel (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press).Google Scholar
Lahav, P. (1993) “The Press and National Security,” in National Security and Democracy in Israel, ed. Yaniv, A. (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner Publishers), 173–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Landau, J. M. (1971) The Arab in Israel: A Political Study (Ministry of Defense), in Hebrew.Google Scholar
Landau, J. M.. (1993) The Arab Minority in Israel, 1967–1991: Political Aspects (Tel Aviv: Am Oved), in Hebrew.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewin-Epstein, N. and Semyonov, M. (1993) The Arab Minority in Israel's Economy: Patterns of Ethnic Inequality (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press).Google Scholar
Lustick, I. (1980) Arabs in the Jewish State: Israel's Control of a National Minority (Austin: University of Texas Press).Google Scholar
Mansour, A. (1993) Arab Personalities in Israel (Jerusalem: Sikkuy), in Hebrew.Google Scholar
Maynes, C. (1993) “Containing Ethnic Conflict,” Foreign Policy 90 (Spring): 3–21.Google Scholar
Muslih, M. (1990) The Origins of Palestinian Nationalism (New York: Columbia University Press).Google Scholar
Nakhleh, K. (1977) “The Goals of Education for Arabs in Israel,” New Outlook (April–May): 29–35.Google Scholar
Ozacky-Lazar, S. (1992) “Arabs in Israel: Toward the 13th Knesset Elections” (Givat Haviva: Institute for the Study of Peace), in Hebrew, mimeographed.Google Scholar
Ozacky-Lazar, S., and Ghanem, A. (1996) “Arab Voting for [Israel's] 14th Knesset” (Givat Haviva: Institute for the Study of Peace) in Hebrew, mimeographed.Google Scholar
Peled, Y. (1992) “Ethnic Democracy and the Legal Construction of Citizenship: Arab Citizens of the Jewish State,” American Political Science Review 86, 2: 432–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peres, Y. (1970) “Modernization and Nationalism in the Identity of the Israeli Arab,” The Middle East Journal 24: 479–92.Google Scholar
Peres, Y., Ehrlich, A., and Yuval-Davis, N. (1970) “National Education for Arab Youth in Israel: A Comparative Analysis of Curricula,” Jewish Journal of Sociology 12, 2: 147–64.Google Scholar
Pinkas, A. (1993) “Garrison Democracy: The Impact of the 1967 Occupation of Territories on Institutional Democracy in Israel,” in Democracy, Peace, and the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict, ed. Kaufman, E., Abed, S., and Rothstein, R. (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner Publishers), 61–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raʾanan, U. (1992) “Nation and State: Order Out of Chaos,” in State and Nation in Multi-Ethnic Societies, ed. Raʾanan, U., Mesner, M., Armes, K., and Martin, K. (Manchester: Manchester University Press), 3–32.Google Scholar
Reiss, N. (1991) The Health Care of the Arabs in Israel (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press).Google Scholar
Reiter, I. (1995) “Between a ‘Jewish State’ and a ‘State of Its Citizens’: The Status of the Arabs in Israel in the Era of Peace,” in The Arab Citizens of Israel Towards the Twenty-First Century, A Special Issue of Hamizrah Hehadash, ed. Landau, J., Ghanem, A., and Hareven, A. (Jerusalem: Magness Press), 45–60, in Hebrew.Google Scholar
Reiter, I., and Aharoni, R. (1992) The Political Life of the Arabs in Israel (Beit Berl: Center for the Study of Arab Society), in Hebrew.Google Scholar
Reiter, Y. (1992) Haʾaretz, 25 08, in Hebrew.Google Scholar
Rekhess, E. (1993) The Arab Minority in Israel: Between Communism and Arab Nationalism (Tel Aviv: Dayan Center, Tel Aviv University), in Hebrew.Google Scholar
Rosenfeld, H. (1979) “The Class Situation of the Arab National Minority in Israel,” Mahbarot Limihkar Olibikoret 3: 5–40, in Hebrew.Google Scholar
Rouhana, N. N. (1989) “The Political Transformation of the Palestinians in Israel: From Acquiescence to Challenge,” Journal of Palestine Studies 18, 3: 38–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rouhana, N. N.. (1992) “The Arab Vote in the 1992 Israeli Elections,” Politika 45: 38–41, in Hebrew.Google Scholar
Rouhana, N. N.. (1993) “Accentuated Identities in Protracted Conflicts: The Collective Identity of the Palestinian Citizens in Israel,” Asian and African Studies 27: 97–127.Google Scholar
Rouhana, N. N.. (1997) Palestinian Citizens in an Ethnic Jewish State: Identities in Conflict (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press).Google Scholar
Rouhana, N. N.. (1998) “The Test of Equal Citizenship: Israel between Jewish Ethnocracy and Binational Democracy,” Harvard International Review 20, 2: 74–78.Google Scholar
Rouhana, N. N., and Ghanem, A. (1993) “The Democratization of a Traditional Minority in an Ethnic Democracy: The Palestinians in Israel,” in Democracy, Peace, and the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict, ed. Kaufman, E., Abed, S., and Rothstein, R. (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner Publishers), 163–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smooha, S. (1984) The Orientation and Politic isation of the Arab Minority in Israel, Series on the Middle East, no. 2 (Haifa: Institute of Middle East Studies, Haifa University).Google Scholar
Smooha, S.. (1989) Arabs and Jews in Israel: Conflicting and Shared Attitudes in a Divided Society, vol. 1 (San Francisco: Westview Press).Google Scholar
Smooha, S.. (1990) “Minority Status in an Ethnic Democracy: The Status of the Arab Minority in Israel,” Ethnic and Racial Studies 13, 3: 389–413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smooha, S.. (1992) Arabs and Jews in Israel: Change and Continuity in Mutual Intolerance, vol. 2 (San Francisco: Westview Press).Google Scholar
Smooha, S.. (1995) “Arab–Jewish Relations in Israel in the Peace Era,” in The Arab Citizens of Israel Towards the Twenty-First Century, A Special Issue of Hamizrah Hehadash, ed. Landau, J., Ghanem, A., and Hareven, A. (Jerusalem: Magness Press), 64–78, in Hebrew.Google Scholar
Smooha, S.. (1996) “The Status of a Minority in an Ethnic Democracy: The Arab Minority in Israel,” Readings in the Revival of Israel vol. 6, in Hebrew.Google Scholar
Smooha, S., and Peretz, D. (1993) “Israel's 1992 Elections: Are They Critical?” The Middle East Journal 47, 3: 444–63.Google Scholar
Soffer, A. (1988) “Geography and Demography in the Land of Israel in the Year 2000,” in Approaching the Year 2000: Toward Peace or Another War? ed Hareven, A. (Jerusalem: Van Leer Jerusalem Institute), 11–36, in Hebrew.Google Scholar
Tessler, M. A. (1980) “Arabs in Israel,” American Universities Field Staff Reports—Asia 1: 1–25.Google Scholar
Yehoshua, A. B. (1987) “I Am an Israeli,” Mifgash-Liqārʾ: The Hebrew Arabic Cultural Forum 7–8 (Fall): 88–93.Google Scholar
Yiftachel, O. (1993) “Debate: The Concept of ‘Ethnic Democracy’ and its Application to the Case of Israel,” Ethnic and Racial Studies 15, 1:125–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yiftachel, O.. (1996) “The Internal Frontier: Territorial Control and Ethnic Relations in Israel,” Regional Studies 30, 5: 493–508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar