Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T03:51:58.777Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Wide-band conversion of donut-shaped pattern to directive one by square-shaped pattern director antenna

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 November 2021

Seyed Jalil Hosseini Open the ORCID record for Seyed Jalil Hosseini [Opens in a new window]  and
Homayoon Oraizi Open the ORCID record for Homayoon Oraizi [Opens in a new window]
Seyed Jalil Hosseini*
Affiliation:
School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 1684613114, Iran
Homayoon Oraizi
Affiliation:
School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 1684613114, Iran
*
Author for correspondence: Seyed Jalil Hosseini, E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In this paper, an antenna with 8 GHz (7–15 GHz) bandwidth is designed, simulated, fabricated, and measured. Commonly, for the effective use of electromagnetic sources, mode converters are used to transform donut-shaped patterns to directive patterns. This paper introduces a novel antenna called the pattern director antenna (PDA) that solves most problems associated with the azimuthally symmetric output modes of high-power microwave sources. The PDA accepts directly (without the need for mode conversion) an azimuthally symmetric generated mode of an electromagnetic source and converts it to radiate a directive pattern. For the proof of concept and validation of the design by simulations, the 3D printing technology [using polylactic acid (PLA)] is used to fabricate the PDA and measure its radiation patterns and return loss. The selected material is cheap and also environmentally friendly. The antenna was coated with aluminum to become a conductor. The gain is from 16.8 to 21.8 dB in the frequency range. The S11, main lobe deviation (MLD), and sidelobe level (SLL) are less than −15 dB, 2°, and −7 dB, in all frequency range, respectively. The simulation results are in good agreement with the measurement.

Keywords

pattern director antennamode converter antennawideband antennarectangular waveguidecoaxial waveguideelectromagneticsource
Type
Antenna Design, Modelling and Measurements
Information
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies , Volume 14 , Issue 9 , November 2022 , pp. 1099 - 1106
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with the European Microwave Association

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Hosseini, SJ, Sadeghzadeh, R-A and Aliakbarian, H (2018) A TEM-TE11 mode-transducing sectoral antenna by using dual dielectric window. International Journal of Electronics Letters 6, 403–412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biswas, D (2009) A one-dimensional basic oscillator model of the vircator. Physics of Plasmas 16, 063104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dražan, L and Vrána, R (2009) Axial vircator for electronic warfare applications. Radioengineering 18, 9.Google Scholar
Shao, H, Liu, G, Yang, Z, Chen, C, Song, Z and Huang, W (2006) Characterization of modes in coaxial vircator. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 34, 7–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tribak, A, Zbitou, J, Mediavilla Sanchez, A and Amar Touhami, N (2013) Ultra-broadband high-efficiency mode converter. Progress In Electromagnetics Research 36, 145–158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jiang, T, He, J, Zhang, J, Li, Z and Ling, J (2017) An improved Ku-band MILO with tapered choke cavity and enlarged first interaction cavity. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 64, 286–292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hosseini, SJ and Oraizi, H (2020) TEM-TE11 mode converter antenna like a pelican beak. IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 14, 934–942.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, BM, Lee, WS, Yoon, YJ and So, JH (2004) X-band TM01-TE11 mode converter with short length for high power. Electronics Letters 40, 1126–1127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Misilmani, HME, Al-Husseini, M, Kabalan, KY and El-Hajj, A (2013) Optimized reflector position for Vlasov antennas. Electromagnetics Research Symposium Proceedings 12, 139–143.Google Scholar
Fazaelifar, M and Fatorehchy, MR (2008) Design, fabrication and test of parabolic cylinder reflector and horn for increasing the gain of Vlasov antenna. Electromagnetics Research Letters 4, 191–203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
El Misilmani, HM, Al-Husseini, M and Kabalan, KY (2015) Improved Vlasov antenna with curved cuts and optimized reflector position and shape. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015, 1–12. doi: https://DOI.org/10.1155/2015/193630.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
shen Ling, G and Yuan, CW (2004) Design of a Vlasov antenna with reflector. International Journal of Electronics 91, 253–258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vladimir, G, Tamara, K, Alexey, Z, Vera, V and Gennady, K (2015) Excitation of electromagnetic waves in a vircator by radially diverging beam. Radiation and Nuclear Techniques in Material Science 1084, 125–128.Google Scholar
Betzios, PV and Uzunoglu, NK (2009) Investigation of the dynamic behaviour of a vircator, based on an analytical model and experimental observations. Microwave Review 15, 24–28.Google Scholar
Hosseini, SJ, Dahmardeh, M and Yousefian, M (2021) A high power TEM to TE10 mode converter with 70% bandwidth. Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 35, 389–399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fan, , Zhong, H, Li, Z, Yuan, C, Shu, T, Yang, H, Wang, Y and Luo, L (2011) Investigation of a 1.2-GHz magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 39, 540–544.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gen-Shen, L and Jin-Juan, Z (2001) Converters for the TE11 mode generation from TM01 vircator at 4 GHz. Chinese Physics Letters 18, 1285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, X-Y, Fan, Y-W, Shu, T, Yuan, C and Zhang, Q (2017) A high-efficiency tunable TEM-TE11 mode converter for high-power microwave applications. AIP Advances 7, 035012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yuan, C-W, Fan, Y-W, Zhong, H-H, Liu, Q-X and Qian, B-L (2006) A novel mode-transducing antenna for high-power microwave application. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 54, 3022–3025.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yu, Y, Wang, X, Fan, Y, Li, A and Li, S (2018) Design of a dual-band radiation system for a complex magnetically insulated line oscillator. AIP Advances 8, 055212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Q, Yuan, C and Liu, L (2010) Design of a dual-band power combining architecture for high-power microwave applications. Laser and Particle Beams 28, 377–385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, X, Yuan, C, Liu, L, Peng, S, Zhou, H and Cai, D (2017) Solution to GW TEM-circular polarized TE11 mode converter design for high-frequency bands. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 65, 432–437.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yuan, CW, Liu, QX, Zhong, HH, Qian, BL and Li, ZQ (2006) Circularly polarised mode-converting antenna. Electronics Letters 42, 136–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, SH, Ahn, J, Yoon, YJ and Lee, WS (2007) Design and numerical simulation of miniaturised COBRA lens horn. Electronics Letters 43(22), 1167–1168. doi: 10.1049/el:20072080.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Min, S-, Jung, H-, Park, G-, Ahn, J, Lee, SH, Yoon, YJ, Kim, J, Choi, J-H and So, J (2010) Mode conversion of high-power electromagnetic microwave using coaxial-beam rotating antenna in relativistic backward-wave oscillator. IEEE Transaction on Plasma Science 38, 1391–1397.Google Scholar
Jihwan, A, Sang, HL, Young, JY and Woo, SL (2007) Miniaturization technique of COBRA lens horn using a modified lens with curved surfaces, in 2007 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, AP-S, pp. 932–935, doi: 10.1109/APS.2007.4395648CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jung, HC, Min, SH, Park, GS, An, J, Lee, SH, Yoon, YJ, Kim, JY, Choi, JH, So, JH and Petelin, M (2010) Transmission of gigawatt-level microwave using a beam-rotating mode converter in a relativistic backward wave oscillator. Applied Physics Letters 96(13), 1–3. doi: 10.1063/1.3368692.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, SH, Ahn, J, Yoon, YJ and So, J-H (2006) Study on COBRA Lens Horn for Miniaturization and Improvement of Pattern, Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, doi: 10.1109/APMC.2006.4429815CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Courtney, CC, Veety, TM, Tate, J and Voss, DE (2004) Design and Measurement of COBRA Lens Antenna Prototypes for HPM Effects Testing Applications, AFRL Sensor and Simulation Notes, Note 492, pp. 1–18.Google Scholar
Courtney, C (2000) Design and Numerical Simulation of the Response of a Coaxial Beam-Rotating Antenna Lens, AFRL Sensor and Simulation, Note 449.Google Scholar
Li, JW, Deng, GJ, Guo, LT, Huang, WH and Shao, H (2018) Polarization controllable TM01-TE11 mode converter for high power microwaves. AIP Advances 8, 055230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arezoomand, AS, Sadeghzadeh, R-A and Naser-Moghadasi, M (2016) Novel techniques in tapered slot antenna for linearity phase center and gain enhancement. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 16, 270–273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arezoomand, AS, Naser-Moghadasi, M, Arghand, I, Jahangiri, P and Zarrabi, FB (2017) Photonic band gap implementation for phase centre controlling in Vivaldi antenna. IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 11, 1880–1886.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Isenlik, T, Basaran, E and Turetken, B (2015) A novel 2–18-GHz double-ridged horn antenna with an improved feed section design. Electromagnetics 35, 145–154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guo, C, Shang, X, Lancaster, MJ and Xu, J (2015) A 3-D printed lightweight X-band waveguide filter based on spherical resonators. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 25, 442–444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lu, C-Y and Chuang, S (2011) A surface-emitting 3D metal-nanocavity laser: proposal and theory. Optics express 19, 13225–13244.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
D'Auria, M, Otter, WJ, Hazell, J, Gillatt, BTW, Long-Collins, C, Ridler, NM and Lucyszyn, S (2015) 3-D printed metal-pipe rectangular waveguides. IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology 5, 1339–1349. doi: 10.1109/TCPMT.2015.2462130CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomassoni, C, Venanzoni, G, Dionigi, M and Sorrentino, R (2018) Compact quasi-elliptic filters with mushroom-shaped resonators manufactured with 3-D printer. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 66, 3579–3588.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagarajan, V, Mohanty, AK and Misra, M (2016) Perspective on polylactic acid (PLA) based sustainable materials for durable applications: focus on toughness and heat resistance. ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering 4, 2899–2916.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shrestha, S, Baba, AA, Abbas, SM, Asadnia, M and Hashmi, RM (2021) A horn antenna covered with a 3D-printed metasurface for gain enhancement. Electronics 10(2), 1–12. doi: 10.3390/electronics10020119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chuma, EL, Iano, Y, Roger, LLB, Scroccaro, M, Frazatto, F and Manera, LT (2019) Performance analysis of X band horn antennas using additive manufacturing method coated with different techniques. The Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications 18, 263–269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Helena, D, Ramos, A, Varum, T and Matos, JN (2021) The Use of 3D printing technology for manufacturing metal antennas in the 5G/IoT context. Sensors 21(10), 1–15. doi: 10.3390/s21103321.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yousefian, M, Hosseini, SJ and Dahmardeh, M (2019) Compact broadband coaxial to rectangular waveguide transition. Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 33, 1239–1247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hosseini, SJ and Dahmardeh, M (2021) Compact smile-like mode converter antenna with high power capacity level. Electromagnetics 41(3), 222–238. doi: 10.1080/02726343.2021.1903216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hosseini, SJ (2021) Conversion donut-shaped pattern to directive without using any mode converter. American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications 9(1), 1–6. doi: 10.11648/j.ajea.20210901.11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar