Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T07:36:56.995Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Time-domain analysis of a CRLH coupled-line coupler using the CN-FDTD method

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 November 2018

Mahdieh Gholami Mayani Open the ORCID record for Mahdieh Gholami Mayani [Opens in a new window] ,
Shahrooz Asadi  and
Shokrollah Karimian
Mahdieh Gholami Mayani
Affiliation:
Electrical Engineering Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
Shahrooz Asadi*
Affiliation:
Electrical Engineering Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
Shokrollah Karimian
Affiliation:
Electrical Engineering Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
*
Author for correspondence: Shahrooz Asadi, E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In this study, the implicit Crank–Nicolson finite-difference time-domain (CN-FDTD) method is applied to discretize the governing telegrapher's equations of a composite right-/left-handed (CRLH) coupled-line coupler. The unconditionally stable CN-FDTD is compared with the conventional leap-frog (LF) FDTD method. The results obtained from the CN-FDTD scheme show up to 10 times increase in the temporal step size, reflecting in a dramatic decrease in processing time; in addition to having a good agreement with the LF method and the measurements.

Keywords

CN-FDTDcoupled-line couplermetamaterials
Type
Research Papers
Information
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies , Volume 11 , Issue 1 , February 2019 , pp. 94 - 103
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and the European Microwave Association 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Viktor, GV (1968) The electrodynamics of substances with simultaneously negative values of ε AND μ. Soviet Physics-Uspekhi 10, 509.Google Scholar
2.Pendry, JB, Holden, AJ, Robbins, DJ and Stewart, WJ (1999) Magnetism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 47, 2075–2084.Google Scholar
3.Zhu, C, Liang, C-H and Li, L (2011) Broadband negative index metamaterials with low-loss. AEU – International Journal of Electronics and Communications 65, 724–727.Google Scholar
4.Oliner, AA (2003) A planar negative-refractive-index medium without resonant elements. IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, USA.Google Scholar
5.Iyer, AK and Eleftheriades, GV (2002) Negative refractive index metamaterials supporting 2-D waves. 2002 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest (Cat. No.02CH37278), Washington.Google Scholar
6.Caloz, C and Itoh, T (2004) Transmission line approach of left-handed (LH) materials and microstrip implementation of an artificial LH transmission line. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 52, 1159–1166.Google Scholar
7.Afrooz, K, Abdipour, A and Martin, F (2012) Time domain analysis of one-dimensional linear and non-linear composite right/left-handed transmission lines using finite-difference time-domain method. IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation 6, 312–325.Google Scholar
8.Lai, A, Itoh, T and Caloz, C (2004) Composite right/left-handed transmission line metamaterials. IEEE Microwave Magazine 5, 34–50.Google Scholar
9.Lei, L, Caloz, C and Itoh, T (2002) Dominant mode leaky-wave antenna with backfire-to-endfire scanning capability. Electronics Letters 38, 1414–1416.Google Scholar
10.Antoniades, MA and Eleftheriades, GV (2003) Compact linear lead/lag metamaterial phase shifters for broadband applications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 2, 103–106.Google Scholar
11.Caloz, C, Sanada, A and Itoh, T (2004) A novel composite right-/left-handed coupled-line directional coupler with arbitrary coupling level and broad bandwidth. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 52, 980–992.Google Scholar
12.Danaeian, M, Afrooz, K and Hakimi, A (2018) Miniaturization of substrate integrated waveguide filters using novel compact metamaterial unit-cells based on SIR technique. AEU – International Journal of Electronics and Communications 84, 62–73.Google Scholar
13.Mongia, R, Bhartia, P, Bahl, I and Hong, J (1999) RF and Microwave Coupled-Line Circuits. Norwood, MA: Artech House.Google Scholar
14.Pozar, D (1998) Microwave Engineering. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
15.Lange, J (1969) Interdigitated stripline quadrature hybrid (correspondence). IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 17, 1150–1151.Google Scholar
16.Keshavarz, R, Movahhedi, M and Abdipour, A (2012) A broadband and compact asymmetrical backward coupled-line coupler with high coupling level. AEU – International Journal of Electronics and Communications 66, 569–574.Google Scholar
17.Hussein, YA and El-Ghazaly, SM (2004) Modeling and optimization of microwave devices and circuits using genetic algorithms. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 52, 329–336.Google Scholar
18.Movahhedi, M and Abdipour, A (2005) Accelerating the transient simulation of semiconductor devices using filter-bank transforms. in European Gallium Arsenide and Other Semiconductor Application Symposium, GAAS, Paris.Google Scholar
19.Mirzavand, R, Abdipour, A, Moradi, G and Movahhedi, M (2010) Full-wave semiconductor devices simulation using adi-FDTD method. Progress In Electromagnetics Research M 11, 191–202.Google Scholar
20.Mirzavand, R, Abdipour, A, Moradi, G and Movahhedi, M (2011) Full-wave semiconductor devices simulation using meshless and finite-difference time-domain approaches. IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation 5, 685–691.Google Scholar
21.Zhang, Y and Spielman, BE (2007) A stability analysis for time-domain method-of-moments analysis of 1-D double-negative transmission lines. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques on 55, 1887–1898.Google Scholar
22.Gomez-Diaz, JS, Gupta, S, Alvarez-Melcon, A and Caloz, C (2009) Investigation on the phenomenology of impulse-regime metamaterial transmission lines. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 57, 4010–4014.Google Scholar
23.Gomez-Diaz, JS, Gupta, S, Lvarez-melcon, AA and Caloz, C (2010) Efficient time-domain analysis of highly dispersive linear and non-linear metamaterial waveguide and antenna structures operated in the impulse-regime. IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation 4, 1617–1625.Google Scholar
24.Ghadimi, A and Asadi, S (2018) Modelling of composite right/left-handed active multiconductor transmission lines (AMCTL) in time domain. International Journal of Numerical Modelling 31, e2257.Google Scholar
25.Taflove, A (1995) Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method. Norwood, MA: Artech House.Google Scholar
26.Thomas, J (1998) Numerical Partial Differential Equations: Finite Difference Methods. New York: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
27.Guilin, S and Trueman, CW (2006) Efficient implementations of the Crank-Nicolson scheme for the finite-difference time-domain method. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 54, 2275–2284.Google Scholar
28.Yang, Y, Chen, RS, Wang, DX and Yung, EKN (2007) Unconditionally stable Crank-Nicolson finite-different time-domain method for simulation of three-dimensional microwave circuits. IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation 1, 937–942.Google Scholar
29.Honarbakhsh, B and Asadi, S (2017) Analysis of multiconductor transmission lines using the CN-FDTD method. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility 59, 184–192.Google Scholar
30.Namiki, T (1999) A new FDTD algorithm based on alternating-direction implicit method. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 47, 2003–2007.Google Scholar
31.Fenghua, Z, Zhizhang, C and Jiazong, Z (2000) Toward the development of a three-dimensional unconditionally stable finite-difference time-domain method. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 48, 1550–1558.Google Scholar
32.Garcia, SG, Tae-Woo, L and Hagness, SC (2002) On the accuracy of the ADI-FDTD method. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 1, 31–34.Google Scholar
33.Lee, J and Fornberg, B (2004) Some unconditionally stable time stepping methods for the 3D Maxwell's equations. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 166, 497–523.Google Scholar
34.Shibayama, J, Muraki, M, Yamauchi, J and Nakano, H (2005) Efficient implicit FDTD algorithm based on locally one-dimensional scheme. Electronics Letters 41, 1046–1047.Google Scholar
35.Liu, QF, Chen, Z and Yin, WY (2009) An arbitrary-order LOD-FDTD method and its stability and numerical dispersion. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 57, 2409–2417.Google Scholar
36.Kijun, L, Song Jae, L, Dong Chul, P and Yeon Choon, C (1997) Equivalent circuit model for the time-domain analysis of multiconductor transmission lines by the implicit FDTD method. in IEEE 1997, EMC, Austin Style. IEEE 1997 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility. Symposium Record (Cat. No.97CH36113).Google Scholar
37.Afrooz, K and Abdipour, A (2012) Efficient method for time-domain analysis of lossy nonuniform multiconductor transmission line driven by a modulated signal using FDTD technique. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility 54, 482–494.Google Scholar
38.Afrooz, K (2016) Unconditionally stable finite-difference time-domain algorithm for analysing composite right-/left-handed transmission line. IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation 10, 339–346.Google Scholar
39.Shi, WS and Shi, TK (1997) Matrix Calculus and Kroneker Product with Applications and C++ Programs. USA: World Scientific Pub.Google Scholar
40.Asadi, S and Honarbakhsh, B (2017) Linear analysis of high-frequency field-effect transistors using the CN-FDTD method. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 65, 1946–1954.Google Scholar
41.Kantartzis, NV and Tsiboukis, TD (2008) Modern EMC analysis techniques, vol. 1. US: Morgan and Claypool Publishers.Google Scholar
42.Caloz, C and Itoh, T (2006) Electromagnetic Metamaterials: Transmission Line Theory and Microwave Applications. US: Wiley and IEEE Press.Google Scholar
43.Gholami Mayani, M and Asadi, S (2018) Analysis of dual-gate high electron mobility transistor using an unconditionally stable time domain method. IET Science, Measurement and Technology 12, 698–705.Google Scholar