Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T14:13:06.281Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Development of a millimeter-wave transparent antenna inside a headlamp for automotive radar application

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 April 2022

Sofian Hamid Open the ORCID record for Sofian Hamid [Opens in a new window] ,
Dirk Heberling ,
Manuela Junghähnel ,
Thomas Preussner ,
Patrick Gretzki ,
Ludwig Pongratz ,
Christian Hördemann  and
Arnold Gillner Open the ORCID record for Arnold Gillner [Opens in a new window]
Sofian Hamid
Affiliation:
Institute of High Frequency Technology (IHF), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
Dirk Heberling
Affiliation:
Institute of High Frequency Technology (IHF), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany Department Ablation and Joining, Fraunhofer Institute for High Frequency Physics and Radar Techniques (FHR), Wachtberg, Germany
Manuela Junghähnel
Affiliation:
Fraunhofer Institute for Organic Electronics, Electron Beam and Plasma Technology (FEP), Dresden, Germany
Thomas Preussner
Affiliation:
Fraunhofer Institute for Organic Electronics, Electron Beam and Plasma Technology (FEP), Dresden, Germany
Patrick Gretzki
Affiliation:
Department Ablation and Joining, Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology, Aachen, Germany
Ludwig Pongratz
Affiliation:
Department Ablation and Joining, Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology, Aachen, Germany
Christian Hördemann
Affiliation:
Department Ablation and Joining, Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology, Aachen, Germany
Arnold Gillner*
Affiliation:
Department Ablation and Joining, Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology, Aachen, Germany
*
Author for correspondence: Arnold Gillner, E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The development of a millimeter-wave transparent antenna integrated inside a headlamp for automotive radar application is presented. The antenna consists of two radiating elements: the primary and secondary ones. The primary antenna is the one that is fabricated on RF PCB material (e.g., patch, slot, sectoral horn) and connected directly to the transceiver chip, while the secondary antenna is made of optically transparent materials such as glass, but with a optical transparent electrically conductive coating, well known as transparent conductive oxide (TCO). This antenna is realized as a planar offset reflector to collimate and shape the incoming wave from the primary antenna. This reflector is designed based on the Fresnel theory and the reflectarray concept. The division of the primary and secondary antenna enables the placement of the radar module (that contains the primary antenna) at the base of the headlamp, and therefore it is concealed from the surroundings and hidden from the optical path of the light. The secondary antenna is inserted in the space between the headlamp cover and the light unit. The main challenge here is to provide a maximum on transparency in the visible range of the spectrum with a specially designed and laser-based generated microstructure for the resonant reflection of the radar wavelength. An antenna demonstrator has been fabricated, and together with the headlamp cover, the radiation pattern and realized gain are measured. We reported here the measurement results for several reflector designs and concluded that the headlamp cover gives minimal influence on the antenna performance.

Keywords

radarheadlamplaser ablationtransparent conductive oxidethin film deposition
Type
EuCAP 2020
Information
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies , Volume 14 , Special Issue 6: EuCAP 2020 Special Issue , July 2022 , pp. 677 - 688
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with the European Microwave Association

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Hamid, S, Heberling, D, Junghähnel, M, Preussner, T, Gretzki, P, Pongratz, L, Hördemann, C and Gillner, A (2020) 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 2020, pp. 1–5, doi: 10.23919/EuCAP48036.2020.9135927.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schnabel, R, Mittelstrab, D, Binzer, T, Waldschmitt, C and Weigel, R (2012) Reflection, refraction, and self-jamming. IEEE Microwave Magazine 13, 107–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsuzawa, S and Watanabe, T (2016) “Influence of resin cover on antenna gain for automotive millimeter wave radar,” 2016 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP), 2016, pp. 704–705.Google Scholar
Vasanelli, C, Bögelsack, F and Waldschmidt, C (2018) Reducing the radar cross section of microstrip arrays using AMC structures for the vehicle integration of automotive radar. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 66, 1456–1464.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yonemoto, N, Kohmura, A, Kurosawa, Y, Watanabe, T and Yamamura, S (2014) Millimeter wave radar-equipped headlamp. US Patent US8803728B2 (2014), [Online]. Available at https://patents.google.com/patent/US8803728B2/en.Google Scholar
Mons-medius.com (2019) [Online]. Available at https://www.mons-medius.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Makrolon_UV.pdf.Google Scholar
Kocia, C and Hum, SV (2016) Design of an optically transparent reflectarray for solar applications using indium tin oxide. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 64, 2884–2893.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guo, YJ and Barton, SK (2002) Fresnel Zone Antennas. USA: Springer, Boston US, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3611-3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leon, G, Herran, LF, Munoz, MO, Las-Heras, F and Hao, Y (2014) Millimeter-wave offset fresnel zone plate lenses characterization. Progress in Electromagnetics Research C 54, 125–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hristov, HD and Herben, MHAJ (1995) Millimeter-wave fresnel-zone plate lens and antenna. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 43, 2779–2785.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gagnon, N, Petosa, A and McNamara, DA (2009) “Comparison between conventional lenses and an electrically thin lens made using a phase shifting surface (PSS) at Ka Band,” 2009 Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference, 2009, pp. 117–120, doi: 10.1109/LAPC.2009.5352545.Google Scholar
Nayeri, P, Yang, F and Elsherbeni, AZ (2018) Reflectarray Antennas. USA: Wiley-IEEE Press https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?bknumber=8320444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar