Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T12:31:21.195Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Design criteria of X-wave launchers for millimeter-wave applications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 May 2019

Walter Fuscaldo Open the ORCID record for Walter Fuscaldo [Opens in a new window] ,
Santi C. Pavone ,
Davide Comite ,
Guido Valerio ,
Matteo Albani ,
Mauro Ettorre  and
Alessandro Galli
Walter Fuscaldo*
Affiliation:
Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET),Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
Santi C. Pavone
Affiliation:
Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics (DIISM), University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
Davide Comite
Affiliation:
Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET),Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
Guido Valerio
Affiliation:
Laboratoire d'Électronique et Électromagnétisme, Sorbonne Université, L2E, F-75005 Paris, France
Matteo Albani
Affiliation:
Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics (DIISM), University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
Mauro Ettorre
Affiliation:
Institut d'Électronique et de Télécommunications de Rennes (IETR), UMR CNRS 6164, Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes, France
Alessandro Galli
Affiliation:
Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET),Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
*
Author for correspondence: Walter Fuscaldo E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Bessel-beam launchers are promising and established technologies for focusing applications at microwaves. Their use in time-domain leads to the definition of a new class of devices, namely, the X-wave launchers. In this work, we discuss the focusing features of such devices with a specific interest at millimeter waves. The spatial resolutions of such systems are described under a rigorous mathematical framework to derive novel operating conditions for designing X-wave launchers. These criteria might be particularly appealing for specific millimeter-wave applications. In particular, it is shown that an electrically large aperture is not strictly required, as it seemed from previous works. However, the use of an electrically small aperture would demand a considerably wideband capability. The various discussions presented here provide useful information for the design of X-wave launchers. This aspect is finally shown with reference to the practical design of two different X-wave launchers.

Keywords

Bessel beamslocalized wavesmillimeter wavesnondiffracting wavesX-waves
Type
Research Papers
Information
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies , Volume 11 , Issue 9 , November 2019 , pp. 939 - 947
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and the European Microwave Association 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1Ettorre, M, Pavone, SC, Casaletti, M, Albani, M, Mazzinghi, A and Freni, A (2018) Near-field focusing by non-diffracting Bessel beams. In Boriskin, A and Sauleau, R (eds), Aperture Antennas for Millimeter and Sub-Millimeter Wave Applications. Cham: Springer.Google Scholar
2Hernández-Figueroa, HE, Zamboni-Rached, M and Recami, E (2013) Nondiffracting Waves. New York: John Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
3McGloin, D and Dholakia, K (2005) Bessel beams: diffraction in a new light. Contemporary Physics 46, 15–28.Google Scholar
4Deschamps, GA (1971) Gaussian beam as a bundle of complex rays. Electronics Letters 7, 684–685.Google Scholar
5Norris, AN, White, BS and Schrieffer, JR (1987) Gaussian wave packets in inhomogeneous media with curved interfaces. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences 412, 93–123.Google Scholar
6Ziolkowski, RW (1985) Exact solutions of the wave equation with complex source locations. Journal of Mathematical Physics 26, 861–863.Google Scholar
7Tsitsas, NL, Valagiannopoulos, CA and Nosich, AI (2014) Scattering and absorption of a complex source point beam by a grounded lossy dielectric slab with a superstrate. Journal of Optics 16, 105712.Google Scholar
8Tsitsas, NL (2016) Complex source point beam excitation of a lossless dielectric slab, IEEE International Conference on Mathematical Methods in Electromagnetic Theory (MMET 2016), Lviv, Ukraine.Google Scholar
9Tagirdzhanov, AM, Blagovestchenskii, AS and Kiselev, AP (2011) Complex source wavefields: sources in real space. Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 44, 425203.Google Scholar
10Heyman, E and Steinberg, BZ (1987) Spectral analysis of complex-source pulsed beams. Journal of the Optical Society of America A 4, 473–480.Google Scholar
11Heyman, E and Felsen, LB (1989) Complex-source pulsed-beam fields. Journal of the Optical Society of America A 6, 806–817.Google Scholar
12Heyman, E (1989) Focus wave modes: a dilemma with causality. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 37, 1604–1608.Google Scholar
13Kiselev, AP (2007) Localized light waves: paraxial and exact solutions of the wave equation (a review). Optics and Spectroscopy 102, 603–622.Google Scholar
14Durnin, J, Miceli, JJ Jr. and Eberly, JH (1987) Diffraction-free beams. Physical Review Letters 58, 1499–1501.Google Scholar
15Fuscaldo, W, Pavone, SC, Valerio, G, Albani, M, Ettorre, M and Galli, A (2016) Analysis of limited-diffractive and limited-dispersive X-waves generated by finite radial waveguides. Journal of Applied Physics 119, 194903.Google Scholar
16Saari, P and Reivelt, K (1997) Evidence of X-shaped propagation-invariant localized light waves. Physical Review Letters 79, 4135.Google Scholar
17Sõnajalg, H, R'atsep, M and Saari, P (1997) Demonstration of the Bessel-X pulse propagating with strong lateral and longitudinal localization in a dispersive medium. Optics Letters 22, 310–312.Google Scholar
18Ziolkowski, RW, Lewis, DK and Cook, BD (1989) Evidence of localized wave transmission. Physical Review Letters 62, 147.Google Scholar
19Lu, J-Y and Greenleaf, JF (1992) Experimental verification of nondiffracting X waves. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 39, 441–446.Google Scholar
20Li, Z, Alici, KB, Caglayan, H and Ozbay, E (2009) Generation of an axially asymmetric Bessel-like beam from a metallic subwavelength aperture. Physical Review Letters 102, 143901.Google Scholar
21Ettorre, M, Rudolph, SM and Grbic, A (2012) Generation of propagating Bessel beams using leaky-wave modes: experimental validation. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 60, 2645–2653.Google Scholar
22Fuscaldo, W, Valerio, G, Galli, A, Sauleau, R, Grbic, A and Ettorre, M (2016) Higher-order leaky-mode Bessel-beam launcher. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 64, 904–913.Google Scholar
23Pavone, SC, Ettorre, M and Albani, M (2016) Analysis and design of bessel beam launchers: longitudinal polarization. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 64, 2311–2318.Google Scholar
24Comite, D, Fuscaldo, W, Podilchak, SK, Re, PDH, Guillamón-Gómez Buendía, V, Burghignoli, P, Baccarelli, P and Galli, A (2018) Radially periodic leaky-wave antenna for Bessel beam generation over a wide-frequency range. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 66, 2828–2843.Google Scholar
25Chiotellis, N, Mendez, V, Rudolph, SM and Grbic, A (2018) Experimental demonstration of highly localized pulses (X waves) at microwave frequencies. Physical Review B 97, 085136.Google Scholar
26Comite, D, Fuscaldo, W, Podilchak, SK, Gómez-Guillamón Buendía, V, Re, PDH, Baccarelli, PD, Burghignoli, P and Galli, A (2018) Microwave generation of X-waves by means of a planar leaky-wave antenna. Applied Physics Letters 113, 144102.Google Scholar
27Pavone, SC, Mazzinghi, A, Freni, A and Albani, M (2017) Comparison between broadband Bessel beam launchers based on either Bessel or Hankel aperture distribution for millimeter wave short pulse generation. Optics Express 25, 19548–19560.Google Scholar
28Fuscaldo, W, Comite, D, Boesso, A, Baccarelli, P, Burghignoli, P and Galli, A (2018) Focusing leaky waves: a class of electromagnetic localized waves with complex spectra. Physical Review Applied 9, 054005.Google Scholar
29Ornigotti, M, Conti, C and Szameit, A (2015) Effect of orbital angular momentum on nondiffracting ultrashort optical pulses. Physical Review Letters 115, 100401.Google Scholar
30Comite, D, Fuscaldo, W, Pavone, SC, Valerio, G, Ettorre, M, Albani, M and Galli, A (2017) Propagation of nondiffracting pulses carrying orbital angular momentum at microwave frequencies. Applied Physics Letters 110, 114102.Google Scholar
31Fuscaldo, W, Pavone, SC, Valerio, G, Galli, A, Albani, M and Ettorre, M (2016) Parameterization of the nondiffractive features of electromagnetic localized pulses, IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APS-URSI 2016), Fajardo, Puerto Rico.Google Scholar
32Born, M and Wolf, E (1997) Principles of Optics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
33Pavone, SC, Ettorre, M, Casaletti, M and Albani, M (2016) Transverse circular-polarized Bessel beam generation by inward cylindrical aperture distribution. Optics Express 24, 11103–11111.Google Scholar
34Albani, M, Pavone, SC, Casaletti, M and Ettorre, M (2014) Generation of non-diffractive Bessel beams by inward cylindrical traveling wave aperture distributions. Optics Express 22, 18354–18364.Google Scholar
35Jackson, DR and Oliner, AA (2011) Leaky-wave antennas. In Balanis, CA (ed.), Modern Antenna Handbook. New York: John Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar