Hostname: page-component-669899f699-tpknm Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-04-25T05:05:48.405Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Detection of biological abnormalities using a near-field microwave microscope

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 May 2018

Fatemeh Kazemi ,
Farahnaz Mohanna  and
Javad Ahmadi-Shokouh
Fatemeh Kazemi
Affiliation:
Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
Farahnaz Mohanna*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
Javad Ahmadi-Shokouh
Affiliation:
Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
*
Author for correspondence: F. Mohanna, E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Microwave and millimeter-wave reflectometry is one of the potential techniques for the diagnosis and detection of biological abnormalities, such as subcutaneous masses or cancerous tumors in human body. In this paper, a high-quality microwave sensor based on planar misrostrip resonator is designed, fabricated, and successfully tested with different kinds of biological samples. The proposed sensor has unique properties such as small size, simple fabrication, non-contact with a sample, excellent de-coupling from surroundings, and high microwave power is directly coupled into the tissue. Two experiments are performed for the detection of visible and hidden “lipoma” (fat masses), and minimum size of “lipoma” that is diagnosed by the sensor is obtained as well. In this regard, a two-dimensional image of hidden “lipomas” with amplitude contrast about 30 dB and frequency shifts contrast about 60 MHz at a λ/10 (at 13.5 GHz) stand-off distance is provided. Finally, a measurement scenario for the detection of skin cancer based on the artificial model using different layers of raw chicken with different water content is described. Results show that the proposed microscope is easy to fabricate and provide a low-cost solution for fast and accurate skin cancer detection.

Keywords

Biological abnormalitiesmicrowave imagingskin cancersubcutaneous masses
Type
Research Papers
Information
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies , Volume 10 , Issue 8 , October 2018 , pp. 933 - 941
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and the European Microwave Association 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

1.Gu, S et al. (2017) Broadband non-contact characterization of epitaxial graphene by near-field microwave microscopy. Nanotechnology 28, 335702–335713.Google Scholar
2.Kim, TH, James, R and Narayanan, RM (2017) High-resolution nondestructive testing of multilayer dielectric materials using wideband microwave synthetic aperture radar imaging. SPIE Conference on Nondestructive Characterization and Monitoring of Advanced Materials, Aerospace, and Civil Infrastructure 2017, Portland, 19 April 2017.Google Scholar
3.James, R, Kim, TH and Narayanan, RM (2017) Prognostic investigation of galvanic corrosion precursors in aircraft structures and their detection strategy. SPIE Conference on Nondestructive Characterization and Monitoring of Advanced Materials, Aerospace, and Civil Infrastructure 2017, Portland, 19 April 2017.Google Scholar
4.Malyuskin, O and Fusco, V (2017) Super-resolution defect characterization using microwave near-field resonance reflectometry and cross-correlation image processing. Sensing and Imaging 18, 7–18.Google Scholar
5.Ivashov, S et al. (2016) High resolution MW holographic system for NDT of dielectric materials and details. 2016 16th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), Hong Kong, pp. 1–5.Google Scholar
6.Nerguiziana, V et al. (2017) Characterization of several cancer cell lines at microwave frequencies. Measurement 109, 354–358.Google Scholar
7.Arkhypova, K et al. (2017) Microwave dielectrometry as a tool for the characterization of blood cell membrane activity for in vitro diagnostics. International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 9, 1569–1574.Google Scholar
8.Lin, T, Gu, S and Lasri, T (2017) Highly sensitive characterization of glucose aqueous solution with low concentration: application to broadband dielectric spectroscopy. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 267, 318–326.Google Scholar
9.Cataldoa, A et al. (2017) TDR-based monitoring of rising damp through the embedding of wire-like sensing elements in building structures. Measurement 98, 355–360.Google Scholar
10.Zhao, R et al. (2017) The testing scheme for steel corrosion in the reinforced concrete via near field effect of meter-band wave. Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters 66, 127–134.Google Scholar
11.Zoughi, R (2000) Microwave Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation Principles. Norwell, MA, USA: Kluwer.Google Scholar
12.Malyuskin, O and Fusco, V (2016) High-resolution microwave near-field surface imaging using resonance probes. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 65, 189–200.Google Scholar
13.Haddadi, K and Lasri, T (2014) Geometrical optics-based model for dielectric constant and loss tangent free-space measurement. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 63, 1818–1823.Google Scholar
14.Haddadi, K et al. (2011) Performance of a compact dual six-port millimeter-wave network analyzer. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 60, 3207–3321.Google Scholar
15.Bucci, OM et al. (2017) Towards the assessment of detection limits in magnetic nanoparticle enhanced microwave imaging of breast cancer, Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), 2017 11th European Conference, 19–24 March 2017.Google Scholar
16.Sugumaran, S et al. (2018) Nanostructured materials with plasmonic nanobiosensors for early cancer detection: a past and future prospect. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 100, 361–373.Google Scholar
17.Koutsoupidou, M et al. (2017) Evaluation of a tumor detection microwave system with a realistic breast phantom. Microwave and Optical Letters 59, 6–10.Google Scholar
18.Mirbeik-Sabzevari, A, Ashinoff, R and Tavassolian, N (2017) Ultra-wideband millimeter-wave dielectric characteristics of freshly-excised normal and malignant human skin tissues. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 99, 1–11.Google Scholar
19.Khokhar, U et al. (2017) Near-field tapered waveguide probe operating at millimeter waves for skin cancer detection, 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, San Diego, CA.Google Scholar
20.Gao, Y and Zoughi, R (2017) Millimeter wave reflectometry and imaging for noninvasive diagnosis of skin burn injuries. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 66, 77–84.Google Scholar
21.Ghavami, N et al. (2016) Huygens principle based UWB microwave imaging method for skin cancer detection. Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP), 2016 10th International Symposium, Prague, Czech Republic, 20–22 July 2016.Google Scholar
22.Mehta, P et al. (2006) Microwave reflectometry as a novel diagnostic tool for detection of skin cancers. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 55, 1309–1316.Google Scholar
23.Töpfer, F, Dudorov, S and Oberhammer, J (2012) Micromachined 100 GHz near-field measurement probe for high-resolution microwave skin-cancer diagnosis. IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest.Google Scholar
24.Taeb, A, Gigoyan, S and Safavi-Naeini, S (2013) Millimetre-wave waveguide reflectometers for early detection of skin cancer. IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 7, 1182–1186.Google Scholar
25.Joines, WT, Liu, QH and Ybarra, GA (2005) Handbook of Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2005.Google Scholar
26.Topfer, F and Oberhammer, J (2015) Millimeter-wave tissue diagnosis: the most promising fields for medical applications. IEEE Microwave Magazine 16, 97–113.Google Scholar
27.Suntzeff, V and Carruthers, C (1946) The water content in the epidermis of mice undergoing carcinogenesis by methylcholanthrene. Cancer Research 6, 574–577.Google Scholar
28.Zoughi, R (2000) Microwave Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation. The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, Vol. 4, pp. 209–238.Google Scholar
29.Pozar, DM (2012) Microwave Engineering, 4th Edn. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
30.Tabib-Azar, M, Katz, JL and LeClair, SR (1999) Evanescent microwaves: a novel super-resolution noncontact nondestructive imaging technique for biological applications. IEEE Transactions on Instrumention and Measerement 48, 1111–1116.Google Scholar
31.Tabib-Azar, M et al. (1999) Novel physical sensors using evanescent microwave probes. Review of Scientific Instruments 70, 3381–3386.Google Scholar
32.Chen, LF et al. (2004) Microwave Electronics Measurement and Materials Characterization. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Google Scholar
33.Gabriel, S, Lau, RW and Gabriel, C (1996) The dielectric properties of biological tissues; III. Parametric models for the dielectric spectrum of tissues. Physics in Medicine and Biology 41, 2271–2293.Google Scholar
34.Thompson, RH et al. (2009) Tumor size is associated with malignant potential in renal cell carcinoma. The Journal of Urology 181, 2033–2036.Google Scholar
35.Gniadecka, M et al. (2004) Melanoma diagnosis by Raman spectroscopy and neural networks: structure alterations in proteins and lipids in intact cancer tissue. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 122, 443.Google Scholar