Hostname: page-component-669899f699-qzcqf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-04-24T15:45:39.910Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Design of a compact sigma slotted dual-mode UWB antenna for wireless body area network applications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 August 2023

P. Venkatesh Open the ORCID record for P. Venkatesh [Opens in a new window]  and
T. V. Narmadha
P. Venkatesh*
Affiliation:
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Ramco Institute of Technology, Rajapalayam, India
T. V. Narmadha
Affiliation:
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, St. Joseph’s College of Engineering, Chennai, India
*
Corresponding author: P. Venkatesh; Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This article presents the design of a novel sigma slotted circular monopole antenna for wireless body area network applications. The design is proceeded with a sigma-shaped slot etched on the circular radiator with Rogers 4003C substrate. The size of the proposed antenna is 30 × 30 × 1 mm3. With partial ground plane, the bandwidth characteristics of the antenna have been enhanced. The designed antenna covers 2–10 GHz of the ultra wideband, thereby providing more than 106% bandwidth. The antenna exhibits high gain values of 1.95, 3.23, 3.46, and 5.95 dB at 2.45, 3.45, 5.8, and 9.5 GHz, respectively. The proposed design operates on off-body mode at 2.45 GHz and on-body mode at 5.8 GHz, thus acting as a dual-mode antenna. To ensure the health and safety measure, specific absorption rate analysis was done for both low and high values of input power and also with Cartesian and cylindrical human arm models. Bending analysis was also done. The time domain parameter group delay was also analyzed for the proposed antenna for on- and off-body scenarios. The prototype was fabricated, and validation of simulation results was done for free space and on-body scenarios.

Keywords

dual modegroup delaysigma slotspecific absorption ratewireless body area networks
Type
Biomedical Application
Information
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies , Volume 16 , Issue 2 , March 2024 , pp. 203 - 216
Check for updates
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with The European Microwave Association

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Hall, PS and Hao, Y (2006) Antenna and Propagation for Body-Centric Wireless Communications. Norwood, MA: Artech House.Google Scholar
Movassaghi, S, Abolhasan, M, Lipman, J, Smith, D and Jamalipour, A (2014) Wireless body area networks: A survey. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 16(3), 1658–1686.10.1109/SURV.2013.121313.00064CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yeboah-Akowuah, B, Kosmas, P and Chen, Y (2017) A Q-slot monopole for UWB body-centric wireless communications. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 65(10), 5069–5075.10.1109/TAP.2017.2740977CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tak, J, Lee, S and Choi, J (2015) All-textile higher order mode circular patch antenna for on-body to on-body communications. IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 9(6), 576–584.10.1049/iet-map.2014.0203CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gupta, A and Kumar, V (2020) Design of a tri-band patch antenna with back reflector for off-body communication. Wireless Personal Communications 115, 173–185.10.1007/s11277-020-07566-xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kerketta, SR and Ghosh, D (2019) Bandwidth enhancement of monopole antenna using stubbed ground plane. The International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, 29(10), .10.1002/mmce.21868CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shakib, MN, Moghavvemi, M and Binti Wan Mahadi, WNL (2017) Design of a tri-band off-body antenna for WBAN communication. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 16, 210–213.10.1109/LAWP.2016.2569819CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Veeraselvam, A, Mohammed, GNA, Savarimuthu, K, Marimuthu, M and Balasubramanian, B (2020) Polarization diversity enabled flexible directional UWB monopole antenna for WBAN communications. International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering 30, .10.1002/mmce.22311CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, J, Chao, X, Hong, T, Wang, P and Zheng, S (2021) Efficient directional antenna design suitable for ubiquitous power internet of things. Electronics 10, .10.3390/electronics10131521CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, L, Fang, S-J and Jia, X (2020) A compact dual-band and dual-polarized antenna integrated into textile for WBAN dual-mode applications. Progress in Electromagnetics Research Letters 91, 153–161.10.2528/PIERL20032901CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wong, K, Chang, H, Wang, C and Wang, S (2020) Very-low-profile grounded coplanar waveguide-fed dual-band WLAN slot antenna for on-body antenna application. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 19(1), 213–217.10.1109/LAWP.2019.2958961CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berkelmann, L and Manteuffel, D (2021) Antenna parameters for on-body communications with wearable and implantable antennas. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 69(9), 5377–5387.10.1109/TAP.2021.3060944CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Le, TT and Yun, T-Y (2021) Wearable dual-band high-gain low-SAR antenna for off-body communication. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 20(7), 1175–1179.10.1109/LAWP.2021.3074641CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arif, A, Zubair, M, Ali, M, Khan, MU and Mehmood, MQ (2019) A compact, low-profile fractal antenna for wearable on-body WBAN applications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 18(5), 981–985.10.1109/LAWP.2019.2906829CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zheng, Y, Zhang, K, Chen, J and Yan, S (2021) Compact monopole antenna for wireless body area network, wireless local area network, and ultrawideband applications. International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering 31, .10.1002/mmce.22546CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dey, AB, Mitra, D and Arif, W (2020) Design of CPW fed multiband antenna for wearable wireless body area network applications. International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering 30, .10.1002/mmce.22459CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pathan, T and Karn, R (2021) A compact circular polarized metamaterial-inspired fabric antenna for WBAN applications. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 63, 2651–2655.10.1002/mop.32958CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, C and Geyi, W (2019) Design of a dual band dual mode antenna for on/off body communications. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 62, 514–520.10.1002/mop.32085CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lai, J, Wang, J, Sun, W, Zhao, R and Zeng, H (2021) A low profile artificial magnetic conductor based tri-band antenna for wearable applications. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 64, 123–129.10.1002/mop.33040CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mersani, A, Lotfi, O and Ribero, JM (2018) Design of a textile antenna with artificial magnetic conductor for wearable applications. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 60, 1343–1349.10.1002/mop.31158CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hassan, W, Saad, A and Ibrahim, A (2022) Ultra-wide band flexible antenna applicable for dual-band on-body communications. International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 15(4), 609–622.10.1017/S1759078722000514CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, S and Verma, S (2020) Printed compact asymmetric dual L -strip fed split-ring shaped EBG-based textile antenna for WBAN applications. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 62, 3897–3904.10.1002/mop.32512CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gao, G, Hu, B, Wang, S and Yang, C (2018) Wearable circular ring slot antenna with EBG structure for wireless body area network. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 17(3), 434–437.10.1109/LAWP.2018.2794061CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Velan, S, Sundarsingh, EF, Kanagasabai, M, Sarma, AK, Raviteja, C, Sivasamy, R, Pakkathillam, JK (2015) Dual-band EBG integrated monopole antenna deploying fractal geometry for wearable applications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 14, 249–252.10.1109/LAWP.2014.2360710CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abbasi, MAB, Nikolaou, SS, Antoniades, MA, Nikolić Stevanović, M and Vryonides, P (2017) Compact EBG-backed planar monopole for BAN wearable applications. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 65(2), 453–463.10.1109/TAP.2016.2635588CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Govindan, T, Palaniswamy, SK, Kanagasabai, M, Kumar, S, Rao, TR and Alsath, MGN (2021) Conformal quad-Port UWB MIMO antenna for body-worn applications. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2021, .10.1155/2021/9409785CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dharmarajan, A, Kumar, P and Afullo, TJO (2022) A high gain UWB human face shaped MIMO microstrip printed antenna with high isolation. Multimedia Tools and Applications 81, 34849–34862.10.1007/s11042-021-11827-7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, C, Yang, W, Chen, B, Lei, S, Hu, H and Huang, W (2023) A wideband monopolar patch antenna with high system fidelity factor for IR-UWB application. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 65, 1–8.10.1002/mop.33677CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, VK, Bangari, N, Ali, Z, Vyas, A, Verma, RK and Saxena, A (2023) Parachute shape ultra-wideband wearable antenna for remote health care monitoring. International Journal of Communication Systems 36, .10.1002/dac.5488CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kumar, S, Kumar, A, Gupta, M, Sengar, K, Sharma, MK and Gupta, M (2022) A rectangular microstrip patch antenna with defected ground for UWB application. In Kumar, A, Gupta, M, Albreem, MA, Ha, D-B and Sharma, MK (eds.), Wearable and Neuronic Antennas for Medical and Wireless Applications. United States: Wiley.10.1002/9781119792581CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saeidi, T and Karamzadeh, S (2023) A miniaturized multi-frequency wide-band leaky wave button antenna for ISM/5G communications and WBAN applications. Radio Science 58, .10.1029/2022RS007611CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yadav, A, Singh, P, Verma, RK and Singh, VK (2023) Design and comparative analysis of circuit theory model-based slot-loaded printed rectangular monopole antenna for UWB applications with notch band. International Journal of Communication Systems 36(3), .10.1002/dac.5390CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, P, Wang, D, Liu, L, Wang, L and Lin, Y (2022) Design of UWB wearable conformal antenna based on jean material. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2022, .10.1155/2022/4886844CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahmood, SN, Ishak, AJ, Ismail, A, Zakaria, Z and Alani, S (2020) ON-OFF body ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna for wireless body area networks (WBAN): A review. IEEE Access 8, 150844–150863.10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3015423CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Volakis, J (2007) Antenna Engineering Handbook, 4th edn. United States: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Balanis, CA (1997) Antenna Theory Analysis and Design, 2nd edn. United States: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Singh, N, Singh, AK and Singh, VK (2015) Design and performance of wearable ultra wide band textile antenna for medical application. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 57, .10.1002/mop.29131CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kumar, G and Ray, KP (2003) Broadband Microstrip Antennas. Boston, London: Artech House, 357–377.Google Scholar
Deshmukh, AA and Ray, KP (2010) Resonant length formulations for dual band slot cut equilateral triangular microstrip antennas. Wireless Engineering and Technology 1, 55–63.10.4236/wet.2010.12009CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Federal Communications Commission (2002) Revision of Part 15 of the commission’s rules regarding ultra-wide-band transmission systems first report and order FCC 02.V48. Tech Report; Federal Communications Commission: Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
Farahat, AE and Hussein, KFA (2021) Wearable button-like dual-band central antenna for wireless bodyarea networks. Progress in Electromagnetics Research B 90, 21–41.10.2528/PIERB20102007CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, VK, Dhupkariya, S and Bangari, N (2017) Wearable ultra wide dual band flexible textile antenna for WiMax/WLAN application. Wireless Personal Communications 95, 1075–1086.10.1007/s11277-016-3814-7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2005) IEEE standard for safety levels with respect to human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz, IEEE Standard C95.1. 19 April, IEEE. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1626482.Google Scholar
Sakurai, T, Kiyokawa, T, Narita, E, Suzuki, Y, Taki, M and Miyakoshi, J (2011) Analysis of gene expression in a human-derived glial cell line exposed to 2.45 GHz continuous radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. Journal of Radiation Research 52(2), 185–192.10.1269/jrr.10116CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Targonski, SD, Pozar, DM and Waterhouse, RB (1998) Aperture-coupled microstrip antennas using reflector elements for wireless communications. In IEEE-APS Conference on Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communications (Cat. No.98EX184), Waltham, MA, USA, 163–166.10.1109/APWC.1998.730683CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowe, WST and Waterhouse, RB (2003) Reduction of backward radiation for CPW fed aperture stacked patch antennas on small ground planes. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 51(6), 1411–1413.10.1109/TAP.2003.812250CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirtania, SG, Elger, AW, Hasan, MR, Wiśniewska, A, Sekhar, K, Karacolak, T and Sekhar, PK (2020) Flexible antennas: A review. Micromachines 11, .10.3390/mi11090847CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kumar, P, Ali, T and Sharma, A (2021) Flexible substrate based printed wearable antennas for wireless body area networks medical applications (Review). Radioelectronics and Communications Systems 64, 337–350.10.3103/S0735272721070013CrossRefGoogle Scholar