Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T07:13:30.539Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A 79 GHz SiGe short-range radar sensor for automotive applications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 January 2013

Joachim Massen ,
Michael Frei ,
Wolfgang Menzel  and
Ulrich Möller
Joachim Massen*
Affiliation:
Continental, A.D.C. GmbH, Peter-Dornier-Strasse 10, 88131 Lindau, Germany. Phone: +49 8382 9699 850
Michael Frei
Affiliation:
Institute of Microwave Techniques, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
Wolfgang Menzel
Affiliation:
Institute of Microwave Techniques, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
Ulrich Möller
Affiliation:
Continental, A.D.C. GmbH, Peter-Dornier-Strasse 10, 88131 Lindau, Germany. Phone: +49 8382 9699 850
*
Corresponding author: J. Massen Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The field of short- and mid-range radar sensors for automotive comfort and safety systems is a fast-growing market. The frequency regulation provides a new 76–81 GHz frequency band, which will be mandatory in the EU for ultra-wideband sensors from 2018. In the “radar-on-chip for cars” (RoCC) project funded by the German Ministry of Research (BMBF), a new technology was developed based on SiGe components with the objective to make the sensors affordable for all car platforms. This paper reports on the contribution of Continental A.D.C. GmbH to the joint “RoCC” project. The aim of the project was to exploit the cost-reduction potential of the SiGe technology by a further integration of the individual components and to show that the reliability and the functionality of the new sensors can meet the current requirements of the market. For this purpose, we evaluated the new eWLB package technology of Infineon. The Institute of Microwave Techniques of the University of Ulm supported us in designing a substrate integrated slotted waveguide antenna array. Demonstration sensors for short- and mid-range applications were built up and tested in the laboratory. To show the ability of the sensors to deal with real scenarios on the road, they were integrated into an experimental vehicle.

Keywords

Radar ApplicationsRadar Architecture and Systems
Type
Industrial and Engineering Papers
Information
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies , Volume 5 , Special Issue 1: Special Issue on the German RoCC Project , February 2013 , pp. 5 - 14
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and the European Microwave Association 2013

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

[1]Bishop, R.: Intelligent Vehicle Technology and Trends, Artech House Inc., Norwood, MA, 2005, 28–33. ISBN 1-58053-911-4.Google Scholar
[2]Winner, H.; Hakuli, S.; Wolf, G.: Handbook Driver Assistance Systems (in German), Vieweg + Teubner, Wiesbaden, Germany, 2009, 24–52, 123–169. ISBN 978-3-8348-0287-3.Google Scholar
[3]Rasshofer, R.H.; Fitzek, F.: New radar sensors for safety and comfort in the automobile of the future (in German), Elektronik Automotive, January 17, 2011, available online at http://www.elektroniknet.de/automotive/technik-know-how/sicherheitselektronik/article/66015/5/Neue_Radarsensoren_fuer_Sicherheit_und_Komfort_im_Automobil_der_Zukunft/ (accessed May 18, 2012).Google Scholar
[4]Andres, M.; Feil, P.; Menzel, W.; Bloecher, H.-L.; Dickmann, J.: Analysis of automobile scattering center locations by SAR measurements, in Radar Conf. (RADAR), 2011 IEEE, May 2011, 109–112, 23–27.Google Scholar
[5]European Commission: Commission Implementing Decision 2011/485/EU of 29 July 2011 amending Decision 2005/50/EC on the harmonisation of the 24 GHz range radio spectrum band for the time-limited use by automotive short-range radar equipment in the Community (notified under document C(2011) 5444). Official Journal of the European Union L 198/71, (2011).Google Scholar
[6]http://www.conti-online.com/generator/www/com/en/continental/pressportal/themes/press_releases/3_automotive_group/chassis_safety/download/pr_2009_05_28_radarsensorik_en.doc (accessed May 14, 2012).Google Scholar
[7]Mak, K.: ADAS Demand Outlook: Affordability and Reliability Key to Future Growth, Strategy Analytics Report, 2010, 77–97, updated April 2012.Google Scholar
[8]Lüke, S.; Wintermantel, M.; Raste, T.; Rieth, P.: A novel long-range radar and its application for steering support in swerve maneuvers (in German), in Automation, Assistance Systems and Embedded Systems for Means of Transport AAET, Braunschweig, 2009.Google Scholar
[9]Wintermantel, M.: Radar Systems with Improved Angle Formation, Int. Pat. No. WO 2010/000252, 2010, 11–15.Google Scholar
[10]Menzel, W.: Millimeter-wave radar for civil applications, in Proc. European Radar Conf. (EuRAD), October 2010, 89–92.Google Scholar
[11]Hasch, J.; Topak, E.; Schnabel, R.; Zwick, T.; Weigel, R.; Waldschmidt, C.: Millimeter-wave technology for automotive radar sensors in the 77 GHz frequency band. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 60 (3) (2012), 845–860.Google Scholar
[12]Wintermantel, M.; Rasshofer, R.H.: Radar system for driver assistance system in motor vehicle, has section for monitoring wide area, in which radiation beam width amounts to one hundred and eighty degrees, and antenna comprising waveguide supplied with power, German Patent No. DE 10 2007 061 814.Google Scholar
[13]Menzel, W.; Moebius, A.: Antenna concepts for millimeter-wave automotive radar sensors. IEEE Proc., 100 (2012), 2372–2379.Google Scholar
[14]Stelzer, A.; Feger, R.; Jahn, M.: Highly-integrated multi-channel radar sensors in SiGe technology for automotive frequencies and beyond, in Conf. Proc. ICECom 2010, September 20–23, 2010, 1–11.Google Scholar
[15]Knapp, H.; Lachner, R.; Bredendiek, C.; Pohl, N.: Next generation integrated SiGe mm-Wave circuits for automotive radar sensors SiGe technology, Int. J. Microw. Wirel. Tech., 2012.Google Scholar
[16]Feger, R.; Wagner, C.; Schuster, S.; Scheiblhofer, S.; Jäger, H.; Stelzer, A.: A 77-GHz FMCW MIMO radar based on an SiGe single-chip transceiver. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 57 (5) (2009), 1020–1035.Google Scholar
[17]Kees, N.; Schmidhammer, E.; Detlefsen, J.: Improvement of angular resolution of a millimeterwave imaging system by transmitter location multiplexing. IEEE MTT-S Int. Microw. Symp. Digest 2 (1995), 969–972.Google Scholar
[18]Feger, R.; Schuster, S.; Scheiblhofer, S.; Stelzer, A.: Sparse antenna array design and combined range and angle estimation for FMCW radar sensors, in Proc. IEEE Radar Conf. 2008, Rome, Italy, RADAR'08, May 2008, 494–499.Google Scholar
[19]Elliott, R.; Kurtz, L.: The design of small slot arrays. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 26(2) (1978), 214–219.Google Scholar
[20]Stern, G.; Elliott, R.: Resonant length of longitudinal slots and validity of circuit representation: Theory and experiment. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 33(11) (1985), 1264–1271.Google Scholar
[21]Hung, Yee.: Impedance of a narrow longitudinal shunt slot in a slotted waveguide array. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 22(4) (1974), 589–592.Google Scholar
[22]Oliner, A.: The impedance properties of narrow radiating slots in the broad face of rectangular waveguide: Part i-theory. IRE Trans. Antennas Propag., 5(1) (1957), 4–11.Google Scholar
[23]Oliner, A.: The impedance properties of narrow radiating slots in the broad face of rectangular waveguide: Part II – comparison with measurement. IRE Trans. Antennas Propag., 5(1) (1957), 12–20.Google Scholar
[24]Hirokawa, J.; Ando, M.: Sidelobe suppression in 76-GHz post-wall waveguide-fed parallel-plate slot arrays. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 48(11) (2000), 1727–1732.Google Scholar
[25]Yan, L.; Hong, W.; Hua, G.; Chen, J.; Wu, K.; Cui, T.J.: Simulation and experiment on SIW slot array antennas. IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett., 14(9) (2004), 446–448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[26]Stephens, D.; Young, P.R.; Robertson, I.D.: W-band substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna. Electron. Lett., 41(4) (2005), 165–167.Google Scholar
[27]Gatti, R.V.; Sorrentino, R.; Dionigi, M.: Equivalent circuit of radiating longitudinal slots in dielectric filled rectangular waveguides obtained with FDTD method, in 2002 IEEE MTT-S Int. on Microwave Symp. Digest, Vol. 2, 2002, 871–874.Google Scholar
[28]Shi, C.; Yousef, H.; Kratz, H.: 79 GHz slot antennas based on substrate integrated waveguides (SIW) in a flexible printed circuit board. IEEE Trans. Antennas Prop., 57(1) (2009), 64–71.Google Scholar
[29]Chen, M.; Che, W.: Bandwidth enhancement of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) slot antenna with center-fed techniques, in 2011 Int. Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT), pp. 348–351, March 2011.Google Scholar
[30]Elliott, R.; O'Loughlin, W.: The design of slot arrays including internal mutual coupling. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 34(9), (1986), 1149–1154.Google Scholar
[31]CST MICROWAVE STUDIO®, Version 2010, July 2010, CST AG, Darmstadt, Germany, www.cst.com.Google Scholar
[32]Kaminow, I.; Stegen, R.J.: Waveguide Slot Array Design. Hughes Aircraft Company Technical Memorandum 348, Defense Technical Information Center (Fort Belvoir), 1954.Google Scholar
[33]Feil, P.; Bauer, F.: Two right-angle microstrip to waveguide transitions suitable for metal backed substrates, in 2010 Int. Conf. Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA), 450–453.Google Scholar
[34]Böck, J.; Wojnowski, M.; Wagner, C.; Knapp, H.; Hartner, W.; Treml, M.; Schmückle, F.J.; Sinha, S.; Lachner, R.: Low-cost eWLB packaging for automotive radar MMICs in the 76–81 GHz range. Int. J. Microw. Wirel. Tech., 2012.Google Scholar
[35]Yoon, S.W.; Bahr, A.; Baraton, X.; Marimuthu, P.C.; Carson, F.: 3D eWLB (embedded wafer level BGA) technology for 3D-packaging/3D-SiP (systems-in-package) applications, in Proc. Electronic Packaging Technology Conf., December 2009, 915–919.Google Scholar