Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T18:42:59.970Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Occupancy measurement in building: A litteraturereview, application on an energy efficiency researchdemonstrated building

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 November 2013

A. Caucheteux ,
A. Es Sabar  and
V. Boucher
A. Caucheteux*
Affiliation:
CETE Ouest/DLRCA, France
A. Es Sabar
Affiliation:
CETE Ouest/DLRCA, France
V. Boucher
Affiliation:
CETE Ouest/DLRCA, France
*
⋆ Correspondence: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Measuring the energy efficiency of buildings and its confrontation with the current Building Energy Simulations now faces knowledge of what is commonly called “occupancy”. This work has been made in order to implement a monitoring system on a research demonstrator building at DLRCA in Angers (France). The goals were first to know the occupancy as input data of models but also to build occupancy models. Occupancy can be defined as all the action of occupants that affect building energy efficiency. The chosen monitoring deals with its presence, lightning, windows opening and internal gains. It seems that the use of an Infra- red detector allows a accuracy of 5 min in the detection of presence. The use of dry contact sensors allows the detection of five different rates of slide windows opening that can affect temperature decrease. Light sensors seem to be efficient to detect artificial lighting states when correctly configured.

Keywords

Occupancymonitoringbuilding energy efficiencyoccupant behaviour
Type
Research Article
Information
International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering , Volume 4 , Issue 2 , 2013 , pp. 135 - 144
Copyright
© EDP Sciences 2013

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

C.M. Clevenger, J. Haymaker, The impact of the building occupant on energy modeling simulations, in Joint International Conference on Computing and Decision Making in Civil and Building Engineering, Montreal, Canada, 2006, pp. 3637–3646
A. Mahdavi, C. Proglhof, User behavior and energy performance in buildings, Internationalen Energiewirtschaftagung an der TU Wien, IEWT (2009)
Hoes, P., Hensen, J.L.M., Loomans, M.G.L.C., de Vries, B., Bougeois, D., User behavior in whole building simulation, Energy Build. 41, 295–302 (2009) CrossRefGoogle Scholar
W. Parys, D. Saelens, H. Hens, Implementing realistic occupant behavior in building energy simulations – the effect on the results of an optimization of office buildings, in Proceedings of the 10th REHVA World Congress Sustainable Energy use in Buildings, Antalya, 2010, pp. 1−8
D. Bourgeois, J. Hand, I. Mcdonald, C. Reinhart, Adding sub-hourly occupancy prediction, occupancy-sensing control and manual environmental control to ESP-r, in Proceeding of Esim 2004, Vancouver, BC, 2004, pp. 119–126
K. Roth, P. Engelmann, Impact of user behavior on energy consumption in high performance buildings results from two case studies (Fraunhofer Center for Sustainable Energy Systems, Denver, CO, 2010)
J. Pfafferott, S. Herkel, Statistical simulation of user behaviour in low energy office buildings, in International Conference passive and low energy cooling for the built environment, Santorini, Greece, 2005, pp. 721–726
J. Seryak, K. Kissock, Occupancy and behavioural affects on residential energy use, in Proceedings of the Solar Energy Conference, Kohala Coast, Hawaii, 2003
Lindelof, D., Morel, N., A field investigation of the intermediate light swithing by users, Energy Build. 38, 790–801 (2006) CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bourgeois, D., Reinhart, C., Macdonald, I., Adding advanced behavioural models in whole building energy simulation: a study on the total energy impact of manual and automated lighting control, Energy Build. 38, 814–823 (2006) CrossRefGoogle Scholar
D. Bourgeois, C. Reinhart, I. Macdonald, Assessing the total energy impact of occupant behavioural response to manual and automated lighting systems, in Proceedings of the buildings simulaton 2005, Montreal, Canada, 2005, pp. 1–8
F. Nicol, H. Rijal, M. Humphreys, Characterising the use of windows in thermal simulation, in 2nd PALENC Conference and 28th AIVC Conference on building low energy cooling and advanced ventilation technologies in the 21st century, Crete Island, Greece, 2007
F. Haldi, Towards a unified model of occupants’ behaviour and comfort for building energy simulation, Ph.D. thesis, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, 2010
J. Page, Simulating occupant presence and behaviour in buildings, Ph.D. thesis, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, 2007
G. Zimmermann, Modeling and simulation of individual user behavior for building performance predictions, in Proceedings of the 2007 Summer Computer Simulation Conference, SCSC 2007, San Diego, California, 2007, pp. 913–920
D. Bourgeois, Detailed occupancy prediction, occupancy-sensing control and advanced behavioural modelling within whole building energy simulation, Ph.D. thesis, Université Laval, 2005
J.F. Nicol, Characterising occupant behaviour in buildings: toward a stochastic model of occupant use of windows, lights, blinds, heaters and fans, in Proceedings of 7th IBPSA conference, IBPSA 2001, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2001, pp. 1073–1078
B. Moujalled, Modélisation dynamique du confort thermique dans les bâtiments naturellement ventilés, Ph.D. thesis, INSA, Lyon, 2007
P. Tuohy, H.B. Rijal, M.A. Humphreys, J.F. Nicol, A. Samuel, J. Clarke, Comfort driven adaptative window opening behavior and the influence of building design, in Proceeding of Building Simulation 2007, 10th IBPSA Conference, pp. 717–724
R. Cantin, B. Moujalled, G. Guarrano, Complexité du confort thermique dans les bâtiments, in 6 e congrès Européen de science des systèmes, Paris, France, 2005
F. Thellier, F. Monchoux, M. Endravadan, Prise en compte du comportement adaptatif de l’être humain dans la simulation thermique de l’habitat, in Congrès Français de Thermique, Île des Embiez, 2007
CSTB. Réglementation thermique 2005, French Code on Envelope Thermal Performance for Buildings, 2006
ASHRAE 2002, Measurement of energy and demand savings, ASHRAE Guideline 14-2002, Atlanta, GA, 2002
B. Fleury, P. Niard, Comportement des occupants vis-à-vis de l’ouverture des fenêtres. Électricité de France, direction des études et recherches, service application de l’électricité et environnement, département application de l’électricité, Groupe habitat, novembre 1990
D. Delaney, G. O’Hare, A. Ruzzelli, Evaluation of energy-efficiency in lighting systems using sensor networks, in Proceedings of the First ACM Workshop, on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Berkeley, CA, USA, 2009, pp. 61–66
R. Donzel, Low cost energy and occupancy monitoring system with high time resolution for non weather dependant appliances, Fourth year internship report (INSA Lyon, Berkeley lab.), 2008
N. Cordier, Développement de stratégies de contrôle de ventilation appliquées aux locaux de grande dimension, Ph.D. thesis, INSA Lyon, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 2007
A. Ansanay, Estimating occupancy using indoor carbon dioxide concentrations only in an office building: a method and qualitative assessment, CLIMA 2013, in 8th International Conference on IAQVEC, 2013 (to appear)
T. Ekwevugbe, N. Brown, D. Fan, Using indoor climatic measurements for occupancy, monitoring, in Proceedings of 4th West Africa, Built Environment Research (WABER) Conference, 2012, Abuja, Nigeria, edited by S. Laryea, S.A. Agyepong, R. Leiringer, W. Hughes, pp. 507–520
D. Bing, A. Burton, Sensor based occupancy behavioral pattern recognition for energy and confort management in intelligent buildings, in 11th International IBPSA Conference, Glasgow, Scotland, 2009
K. Lam, M. Hoynck, B. Dong, B. Andrews, Y. Chiou, R. Zhang, D. Benitez, J. Choi, Occupancy detection through an extensive environmental sensor network in an open plan office building, in 11th International IBPSA Conference, Glasgow, Scotland, 2009, pp. 1452–1459
R. Tomastik, Y. Lin, A. Banaszuk, Video based estimation of building occupancy during emergency egress, in Proceeding of American control Conference, Washington, USA, 2008
V.L. Erickson, Y. Lin, A. Kamthe, R. Brahme, A. Surana, A. Cerpa, M. Sohn, S. Narayanan, Energy efficient building environment control strategies using real time occupancy measurements, in Proceedings of the First ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings (BuildSys ’09), Berkeley, California, 2009, pp. 19–24
J. Hutchins, A. Ihler, P. Smyth, Modeling count data from multiple sensors: a building occupancy model, in 2nd IEEE International Workshop on Computational advances in multi sensor adaptative processing (CAMPSAP), 2007, pp. 241–244
E. Lemerrer, E. Cayre, C. Vota, Gestion de l’énergie par les contacts de feuillure. Électricité de France, direction des études et recherches, service application de l’électricité et environnement, département application de l’électricité, Groupe habitat EDF, juillet 1994
H.B. Rijal, P. Tuohy, F. Nicol, M.A. Humphreys, J. Clarke, A window opening algorithm and UK office temperature: fiel results and thermal simulation, Building simulation, 2007
V. Inkarojrit, G. Paliaga, Indoor climatic influences on the operation of windows in a naturally ventilated building, in 12th Conference on passive and low energy architecture, Eindhoven, The Nederlands, 2004
P. Eslami-nejad, M. Bernier, Impact of grey water heat recovery on the electrical demand of domestic hot water heaters, in 11th IBPSA Conference, Glasgow, 2009