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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 February 2019
Italy was one of the first countries to adopt a codified system of conflict-of-law rules in 1865, immediately after the foundation of the Italian State. Drafted under the influence of a well-known expert of private international law, Pasquale Stanislao Mancini, who was the Minister of Justice on that time, these rules were part of the general provisions of the first Italian Civil Code.
1 Articles 17-31 of the preliminary provisions of the Civil Code.Google Scholar
2 Act No. 218 of 31.5.1995, published in Gazzetta Ufficiale, Supplemento Ordinario No. 128 of 3.6.1995. An English translation appears at 35 I.L.M. 760 (1996), with an Introductory Note by Andrea Giardina. On the new statute, refer to: Ballarino T., Diritto internazionale privato, 2nd ed., Padova (Cedam) 1996***; Bariatti S. (ed.), Legge 31 maggio 1995, N. 218. Riforma del sistema italiano di diritto internazionale privato (abstract from : Le nuove leggi civile commentate), Padova (Cedam) 1996; Boschiero N., Appunti sulla riforma del sistema italiano di diritto internazionale privato, Torino (UTET) 1996; Pocar F., Treves T., Carbone S.M., Giardina A., Luzzatto R., Mosconi F., Clerici R., Commentario del nuovo diritto internazionale privato, Padova (Cedam) 1996; Annibale S., Riforma del sistema italiano di diritto internazionale privato, Padova (Cedam) 1997; Mengozzi P., La riforma del diritto internazionale privato italiano, 2nd ed., Napoli (Editoriale Scientifica) 1997; Mosconi F., Diritto internazionale privato e processuale, Torino (UTET) 1997; Pocar F., Il nuovo diritto internazionale privato italiano, Milano (Giuffré) 1997; Picone P., La riforma italiana del diritto internazionale privato, Padova (Cedam) 1998.Google Scholar
3 Federal Statute on Private International Law of 18.12.1987, entered into force on 1.1.1989. An English translation appears at 27 I.L.M. 37 (1988).Google Scholar
4 This was not expressly stated by the law, but could be inferred from the fact that the Code of civil procedure only regulated the Italian jurisdiction when the defendant was a foreigner (art. 4), showing thus that Italian courts always had jurisdiction over an Italian defendant.Google Scholar
5 Article 2 of the Code of Civil Procedure.Google Scholar
6 Article 3 of the Code of Civil Procedure.Google Scholar
7 Refer to article 32 of the 1995 statute.Google Scholar
8 Refer to article 50 of the 1995 statute.Google Scholar
9 Refer to : POCAR F., «Le rôle des critères de compétence judiciaire de la Convention de Bruxelles dans le nouveau droit international privé italien», E pluribus unum. Liber amicorum Georges A. L. Droz, Den Haag 1996, 357, at 366; Mari L., «Delimitazione della giurisdizione italiana mediante rinvio alla convenzione di Bruxelles del 1968 e competenza pregiudiziale della Corte di giustizia», Foro italiano 1996, IV, 365, at 370.Google Scholar
10 Refer to : Gaja G., «L'interpretazione di norme interne riproduttive della Convenzione di Bruxelles da parte della Corte di giustizia», Rivista di diritto internazionale 1995, at 757; Mari L., op. cit., at 378.Google Scholar
11 Articles 3 et 6 of the Civil code.Google Scholar
12 Ancel B., Lequette Y., Grands arrets de la jurisprudence française de droit international privé, 2nd ed., Paris (Sirey) 1992.Google Scholar
13 Judgments No. 71 of 5.3.1987, Rivista di diritto internazionale privato e processuale 1987, at 297, and No. 477 of 25.11.1987, ibid., 1988, at 67, concerning, respectively, articles 18 and 20 of the preliminary provisions to the Civil code. These rules provided for that the relations between spouses were governed by the national law of the husband and the relations between parents and children by the national law of the father.Google Scholar
14 The Swiss statute contains 200 articles. It must be noted, however, that it also regulates international arbitration (Articles 176-194), that in Italy is regulated by Articles 806-831 of the Code of Civil Procedure.Google Scholar
15 This rule was not part of the draft proposed by the Government. It was included somewhat surprisingly in the text during the travaux préparatories. Google Scholar
16 Article 30 of the preliminary provisions to the Civil code.Google Scholar
17 Refer to Ballarino T., op. cit., at 251.Google Scholar
18 Picone P., op. cit., p. 157; Pocar F., La riforma…, op. cit., p. 33; Munari F., in Bariatti S., op. cit., p. 1022 et seq.Google Scholar
19 Buzzatti G.C., referred to by Francescakis Ph., La theorie du renvoi, Paris (Sirey) 1958, at 96 (footnote 1).Google Scholar
20 Art. 4 Einführungsgesetz zum Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuch. Google Scholar
21 For an overview on the application of renvoi refer to Mäsch G., «Der Renvoi — Plädoyer für die Begrenzung einer überflüssigen Rechtsfigur», 61 RabelsZ 285 (1997).Google Scholar
22 Refer to Boschiero N., in Bariatti S., op. cit., at 1037 (notes 3 and 4).Google Scholar
23 For informations about the Swiss Institute of Comparative Law, see its homepage on the web : http://www-isdc.unil.ch/.Google Scholar
24 Refer to Cavers D., «A Critique of the Choice-of-Law Problem», 47 Harvard L. Rev. 173 (1933-1934).Google Scholar
25 For further details refer to Bonomi A., Le norme imperative nel diritto internazionale privato, Zürich (Schulthess) 1998; Guedj Th., «The Theory of the Loi de Police, A Functional Trend In Continental Private International Law — A Comparative Analysis With Modem American Theories», 39 Am. J. of Comp. L. 661 (1991).Google Scholar
26 Picone P., op. cit., at 303 et seq.Google Scholar
27 Court of cassation No. 2350 of 21.3.1990, Giurisprudenza italiana 1991, I, 1, 345; Court of cassation (joint sections) No. 14023 of 30.12.1991, Il diritto di famiglia e delle persone 1992, 193.Google Scholar
28 Daví A., La responsabilità extracontrattuale nel nuovo diritto internazionale privato italiano, Torino (UTET) 1997.Google Scholar
29 Batiffol H., «Le pluralisme des méthodes en droit international privé», 137 Recueil des Cours 75 (1973).Google Scholar
30 Refer to : Campiglio, C., «Matrimonio poligamico e ripudio nell'esperienza giuridica dell'Occidente europeo», Rivista di diritto internazionale privato e processuale 1990, at 852; Pastore, F., «Famiglie immigrate e diritti occidentali: il diritto di famiglia musulmano in Francia e in Italia», Rivista di diritto internazionale 1993, at 73.Google Scholar
31 In France : Monéger F., «Les musulmans devant le juge français», Journal de droit international 1994, at 374. In Germany : Basedow J., Diehl-Leistner B., in Jayme E., Mansel H. P. (ed.) Nation und Staat im Internationalen Privatrecht, Heidelberg (Müller) 1990.Google Scholar
32 Refer supra, at footnote 13.Google Scholar
33 See Baratta R., Il collegamento più stretto nel diritto internazionale privato dei contratti, Milano (Giuffré) 1991, at 172 et seq.; Frigo M., in Sacerdoti G., Frigo M., La Convenzione di Roma sul diritto applicabile ai contratti internazionali, 2nd ed., Milano (Giuffré) 1994, at 24 et seq.; Villani U., La Convenzione di Roma sulla legge applicabile ai contratti, Bari (Cacucci) 1997, at 100 et seq. Contra : Ballarino T., op. cit., at 606; Bonomi, op. cit., at 29 et seq.Google Scholar
34 Bundesgerichtshof, 9.10.1986, IPRax 1988, 27; 28.1.1987, IPRax 1988, 109; Hoge Raad, No. 14566 of 25.9.1992, Rechtspraak van de Week 1992, 1013.Google Scholar
35 Reimann M., Conflict of Laws In Western Europe. A Guide Through The Jungle, New York (Transnational Publishers) 1995, at 146.Google Scholar
36 Refer to Reimann M., op. cit., at 155.Google Scholar
37 This procedure is regulated by the circular No.l/50/FG/29 of 7.1.1997 issued by the Ministry of Justice and published in Lo stato civile italiano 1997, 26.Google Scholar