¹ Professor Cédras is Maître de Conférences (assistant Professor) at the Université du Maine (at Le Mans, France), Faculty of Law and Economic Sciences. In addition, he was trained at L.S.U. by the masterful tutelage of George Pugh, Julius B. Nachman Professor of Law.Google Scholar

² Cédras, at 11.Google Scholar

³ See, e.g., Heath v. Alabama, 106 S. Ct. 433 (1985) (concerning the “dual sovereignty” doctrine). For a brief general discussion of the American criminal justice system, see Blakesley & Curtis, Criminal Procedure, Ch. 15, in Introduction to the Law of the United States (Klewer 1991).Google Scholar

⁴ U.S. Const. Art. I § 1.Google Scholar

⁵ Nowak, Due Process Methodology in the Postincorporation World, 70 J. Crim. L.&C. 397, 400–01 (1979); Kamisar, LaFave & Israel, Modern Criminal Procedure: Cases Comments & Questions, 34 (7th ed. 1990).Google Scholar

⁶ Fletcher, G., A Crime of Self Defense: Bernhard Goetz and the Law on Trial 116 (U. of Chicago Press, paperback, 1990) (this report of the so-called subway vigilante, Bernhard Goetz trial presents a very interesting and enlightening vision of the power and role of the principles, including the prosecutor, the defense attorney, the judge and the jury in the United States criminal justice system). In chapter ten, Professor Fletcher details the jury's perception of its role and its methodology in deciding its verdict.Google Scholar

⁷ Fletcher, G., Goetz, supra note 6, at 154.Google Scholar