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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 February 2019
Fifty years ago, in the aftermath of the Second World War, Europe lay in ruins. What could be done to put an end to its belligerent past? Robert Schuman, then French Foreign Minister, envisioned that the European nations pool their resources together and unite their sovereign states, creating a unique form of political and economic union to be governed by supranational institutions. In the words of Jean Monnet: “Nothing can be achieved without institutions.” These ideas were the origins of the European Union.
1 Art. 6 TEU.Google Scholar
2 The Constitution of Europe, Weiler, J., Cambridge, 1999, p. 102–129.Google Scholar
3 Art. 12 TEC.Google Scholar
4 It caused quite a bit of concern in the international community, when the FPÖ (Freiheitliche Partei Österreich) under its leadership of Jörg Haider was able to attract 27% of the votes. Haider was known for his xenophobic and racist ideas. See http://www.adl.org/backgrounders/joerg_haider.asp and http://www.rferl.org.nca/features/2000/02/F.RU.000203143004.html.Google Scholar
5 Id. Google Scholar
6 The Schengen Agreement was signed on June 14, 1985, and has since been amended several times.Google Scholar
7 OJ 2001, C80, p.1. The Treaty will enter into force once the 15 Member States have ratified it.Google Scholar
8 Au-dela de l'information by Riccardi, F., 8089 Bulletin quotidien Europe, 2001.Google Scholar
9 Id. Google Scholar
10 The Treaty on European Union, TEU, OJ 1992 C191, p.1, is also known as the Treaty of Maastricht, referring to the Dutch city where the Treaty was concluded.Google Scholar
11 Supra, fn.1.Google Scholar
12 Case 26/72[1963] ECR 1.Google Scholar
13 Arts. 230, 232 and 288 TEU.Google Scholar
14 Single European Act, OJ 1987 L169, p.1.Google Scholar
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16 Supra, fn 12.Google Scholar
17 Supra, fn. 1.Google Scholar
18 Id. Google Scholar
19 Au-dela de l'information by Riccardi, F., 8090 Bulletin quotidien Europe, 2001.Google Scholar
20 Id. Google Scholar
21 Au-dela de l'information by Riccardi, F., 8089 Bulletin quotidien Europe, 2001.Google Scholar