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Survival and growth of soil microbial communities under influence of sodium perchlorates

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 October 2020

Vladimir Cheptsov Open the ORCID record for Vladimir Cheptsov [Opens in a new window] ,
Andrey Belov ,
Olga Soloveva ,
Elena Vorobyova ,
George Osipov ,
Natalia Manucharova  and
Michael Gorlenko
Vladimir Cheptsov*
Affiliation:
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, 119234, Russia Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya str., 84/32, Moscow, 117997, Russia Network of Researchers on the Chemical Evolution of Life, Leeds, UK
Andrey Belov
Affiliation:
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, 119234, Russia Network of Researchers on the Chemical Evolution of Life, Leeds, UK
Olga Soloveva
Affiliation:
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, 119234, Russia
Elena Vorobyova
Affiliation:
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, 119234, Russia Network of Researchers on the Chemical Evolution of Life, Leeds, UK
George Osipov
Affiliation:
International Analytical Center, Interlab, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky Prospekt, 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
Natalia Manucharova
Affiliation:
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, 119234, Russia
Michael Gorlenko
Affiliation:
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, 119234, Russia
*
Author for correspondence: Vladimir Cheptsov, E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Previously conducted space missions revealed the presence of perchlorates, which are known to have a high oxidizing potential in Martian regolith, at the level of 0.5%. Due to hygroscopic properties and crystallization features of perchlorate-containing solutions, assumptions leading to the possibility of the existence of liquid water in the form of brines, which can contribute to the vital activity of microorganisms, have been made. At the same time, high concentrations of perchlorates can inhibit the growth of microorganisms and cause their death. Previously performed studies have discovered the presence of highly diverse microbial communities in terrestrial perchlorate-containing soils and have also demonstrated the stability and activity of some prokaryotes cultured on highly concentrated perchlorates media (over 10%). Nevertheless, the limits of microbial tolerance to perchlorates and whether microbial communities are able to withstand the effects of high concentrations of perchlorates remain uncertain. The aim of this research was to study the reaction of microbial communities of hot-arid and cryo-arid soils and sedimentary rocks to the adding of a highly concentrated solution of sodium perchlorate (5%) in situ. An increase in the total number of prokaryotes, the number of metabolically active Bacteria and Archaea, and the variety of the consumed substrates were revealed. It was observed that in samples incubated with sodium perchlorate, a high taxonomic diversity of the microbial community is preserved at a level comparable to control sample. The study shows that the presence of high concentrations of sodium perchlorate (5%) in the soil does not lead to the death or significant inhibition of microbial communities.

Keywords

Marsmetabolic activitymicroorganismsoxidative stresstolerance
Type
Research Article
Information
International Journal of Astrobiology , Volume 20 , Issue 1 , February 2021 , pp. 36 - 47
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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