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TRANSPLANTING THE FLOWER OF CIVILIZATION: THE “PEONY GIRL” AND JAPAN'S 1874 EXPEDITION TO TAIWAN

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2012

Matthew Fraleigh
Matthew Fraleigh
Affiliation:
Brandeis University [email protected]
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Abstract

This article examines available narratives and modes of representation concerning “civilization” and “savagery” in the early Meiji proto-colonial discursive sphere. It focuses on a major event in the 1874 Taiwan Expedition: Japan's capture and attempted assimilation of an orphaned aboriginal girl. Through an analysis of Japanese newspaper reports, woodblock prints, illustrated books, and commercial photography, this article argues that alongside the well-characterized “rhetoric of aboriginal savagery” that exaggerated the otherness of Taiwanese indigenes, there developed a synergistic “rhetoric of aboriginal civilization” that emphasized the indigenes' capacity for transformation. This mode of representation stressed not the aboriginals' alterity but rather their latent affinity to Japan. According the aboriginal a measure of temporality, the rhetoric of aboriginal civilization formed an indispensable counterpart to the rhetoric of aboriginal savagery: one that affirmed the campaign's “civilizing” component by demonstrating its viability.

Keywords

the Taiwan Expeditionbunmei-kaikaTaiwan aboriginal peoplescolonialismsavageryKishida GinkōMeiji press
Type
Research Article
Information
International Journal of Asian Studies , Volume 9 , Issue 2 , July 2012 , pp. 177 - 209
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

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References

REFERENCES

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Yamaji 2007 Yamaji, Katsuhiko. “‘Yabanjin’ no hyōshō, aruiwa shokuminchishugi no kigen: Meiji 7-nen no Taiwan shuppei o meguru shomondai” ＜野蛮人＞の表象、あるいは植民地主義の起源——明治７年の台湾出兵をめぐる諸問題. Taiwan genjūmin kenkyū 11 (March 2007), pp. 142–66.Google Scholar
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JACAR (Japan Center for Asian Historical Records), National Archives of Japan. Documents included in the “Shoban shimatsu” 処蕃始末 compendium for 1874–1875.Google Scholar
Barclay 2010 Barclay, Paul. “Peddling Postcards and Selling Empire: Image-Making in Taiwan under Japanese Rule.” Japanese Studies 30:1 (April 2010), pp. 81–110.Google Scholar
Chiba-shi Bijutsukan 2008 Chiba-shi Bijutsukan, 千葉市美術館. Bunmei kaika no nishikie shinbun: Tōkyō nichi nichi shinbun, Yūbin hōchi shinbun zensakuhin 文明開化の錦絵新聞: 東京日々新聞・郵便報知新聞全作品. Tokyo: Kokusho Kankōkai, 2008.Google Scholar
Ching 2001 Ching, Leo. Becoming “Japanese”: Colonial Taiwan and the Politics of Identity Formation. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Craig 2009 Craig, Albert M.Civilization and Enlightenment: The Early Thought of Fukuzawa Yukichi. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Eskildsen 2002 Eskildsen, Robert. “Of Civilization and Savages: The Mimetic Imperialism of Japan's 1874 Expedition to Taiwan.” American Historical Review 107:2 (April 2002), pp. 388–418.Google Scholar
Fraleigh 2010 Fraleigh, Matthew. “Japan's First War Reporter: Kishida Ginkō and the Taiwan Expedition.” Japanese Studies 30:1 (April 2010), pp. 43–66.Google Scholar
Fukuzawa 1868 Fukuzawa Yukichi, 福澤諭吉. Seiyō jijō gaihen 西洋事情外編. In Fukuzawa Yukichi zenshū 福澤諭吉全集 I, pp. 383–481. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 1959.Google Scholar
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Fukuzawa 1869b Fukuzawa Yukichi, . Sekai kunizukushi 世界國盡. In Fukuzawa Yukichi zenshū II, pp. 579–668. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 1959.Google Scholar
Fukuzawa 1875 Fukuzawa Yukichi, ; Bunmeiron no gairyaku 文明論之概略, ed. Tozawa Yukio, 戸沢行夫. Tokyo: Keiō Gijuku Daigaku Shuppankai 慶應義塾大学出版会, 2009.Google Scholar
Fukuzawa 2009 Fukuzawa Yukichi. An Outline of a Theory of Civilization, trans. Dilworth, David A. and Cameron Hurst, G. IIINew York: Columbia University Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Gao 2008 Gao Jiaxin, 高加馨 (Lianes Punanang). “Sinvaudjan kara mita Botansha jiken” Sinvaudjan から見た牡丹社事件, trans. Satoi Yōichi 里井洋一, Ryūkyū Daigaku Kyōiku Gakubu kiyō 琉球大学教育学部紀要 72 (March 2008), pp. 41–62; 73 (August 2008), pp. 27–49.Google Scholar
Gordon 2007 Gordon, Leonard. Confrontation over Taiwan: Nineteenth-Century China and the Powers. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 2007.Google Scholar
House 1875 House, Edward. The Japanese Expedition to Formosa. Tokyo: [s.n.], 1875.Google Scholar
Howell 2005 Howell, David. Geographies of Identity in Nineteenth-Century Japan. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Howland 2002 Howland, Douglas R.Translating the West: Language and Political Reason in Nineteenth-Century Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Huffman 2003 Huffman, James. A Yankee in Meiji Japan: The Crusading Journalist Edward H. House. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 2003.Google Scholar
Hughes 1872 Hughes, T. F. “Visit to Tok-e-Tok, Chief of the Eighteen Tribes, Southern Formosa.” Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society 16 (1871–1872), pp. 265–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Imbault-Huart 1893 Imbault-Huart, C.L’île Formose: histoire et description. Paris: E. Leroux, 1893.Google Scholar
Kleeman 2003 Kleeman, Faye Yuan. Under an Imperial Sun: Japanese Colonial Literature of Taiwan and the South. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Komori 2001 Komori Yōichi, 小森陽一. Posutokoroniaru ポストコロニアル. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 2001.Google Scholar
Kusano and Yamaguchi 2001 Kusano Michiko, 草野美智子 and Yamaguchi Morito, 山口守人. “Meiji shoki ni okeru Nihonjin no ‘Taiwan’ rikai: Taiwan shuppei ni dōkōshita jūgun kisha, Kishida Ginkō no kanren kiji bunseki o tōshite” 明治初期における日本人の「台湾」理解: 台湾出兵に同行した従軍記者、岸田吟香の関連記事分析を通して. Kuma-moto Daigaku Sōgō kamoku kenkyū hōkoku 熊本大学総合科目研究報告 4 (2001), pp. 15–28.Google Scholar
Kusano 2002 Kusano, Michiko. “‘Taiwan’ rikai no hensen” 「台湾」理解の変遷. Kumamoto Daigaku Sōgō kamoku kenkyū hōkoku 5 (2002), pp. 15–25.Google Scholar
Makihara 2008 Makihara Norio, 牧原憲夫. Bunmeikoku o mezashite 文明国をめざして. Vol. 13 of Zenshū: Nihon no rekishi 全集——日本の歴史. Tokyo: Shōgakukan, 2008.Google Scholar
Mōri 1996 Mōri Toshihiko, 毛利敏彦. Taiwan shuppei: Dai Nihon teikoku no kaimakugeki 台湾出兵: 大日本帝国の開幕劇. Tokyo: Chūō Kōronsha, 1996.Google Scholar
Morita 2002 Morita Mineko, 森田峰子. Nakahashi Izumichō Matsuzaki Shinji shashinjō: oyatoi shashinshi sensō tantei hakurankai o yuku 中橋和泉町松崎晋二写真場: お雇い写真師、戦争・探偵・博覧会をゆく. Tokyo: Asahi Shinbunsha, 2002.Google Scholar
Morris-Suzuki 1998 Morris-Suzuki, Tessa. Re-Inventing Japan: Time, Space, Nation. Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 1998.Google Scholar
Murai 1876 Murai Shizuma, 村井静馬. Meiji Taiheiki 明治太平記. Tokyo: Enjudō, 1875–1880. 48 vols.Google Scholar
Nitobe 1911 Nitobe Inazō, 新渡戸稲造. “Shokumin naru meiji ni tsukite” 植民なる名辞に就きて. In Nitobe Inazō zenshū, dai 4-kan 新渡戸稲造第 4 巻, pp. 346–53. Tokyo: Kyōbunkan, 1969.Google Scholar
Okabe 1997 Okabe Michio, 岡部三智雄. “Kishida Ginkō to Taiwan: wagakuni saisho no jūgun kisha toshite” 岸田吟香と台湾——わが国最初の従軍記者として. Taiwanshi kenkyū 台湾史研究 13 (1997), pp. 91–103.Google Scholar
Patessio 2011 Patessio, Mara. Women and Public Life in Early Meiji Japan: The Development of the Feminist Movement. Ann Arbor: Center for Japanese Studies, University of Michigan, 2011.Google Scholar
Ryan 1997 Ryan, James. Picturing Empire: Photography and the Visualization of the British Empire. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Saigō 1936 Saigō Totoku Kabayama Sōtoku Kinen Jigyō Shuppan Iinkai, 西郷都督樺山總督記念事業出版委員會, ed. Saigō Totoku to Kabayama Sōtoku 西郷都督と樺山総督. Taihoku: Taiwan Nichi Nichi Shinpōsha, 1936.Google Scholar
Sugiura 1996 Sugiura Tadashi, 杉浦正. Kishida Ginkō: shiryō kara mita sono isshō 岸田吟香: 資料から見たその一生. Tokyo: Kyūko Shoin, 1996.Google Scholar
Szostak 1999 Szostak, John. “Ukiyo-e Tabloids: Illustrations of the Taiwan Expedition of 1874.” Impressions 21 (1999), pp. 54–69.Google Scholar
Tashiro 1874 Tashiro Mikio, 田代幹夫. Taiwan gunki 臺灣軍記. [Tokyo]: Kawachiya Bunsuke, 1874. 5 vols.Google Scholar
Teng 2004 Teng, Emma, . Taiwan's Imagined Geography: Chinese Colonial Travel Writing and Pictures, 1683–1895. Cambridge: Harvard University Asia Center, 2004.Google Scholar
Tierney 2010 Tierney, Robert. Tropics of Savagery: The Culture of Japanese Empire in Comparative Frame. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010.Google Scholar
TNNS Tokyo nichi nichi shinbun 東京日々新聞.Google Scholar
Tsuchiya 2005 Tsuchiya Reiko, 土屋礼子. “Meiji shichinen Taiwan shuppei no hōdō nitsuite: Tōkyō nichi nichi shinbun o chūshin ni” 明治七年台湾出兵の報道について——『東京日日新聞』を中心に」. In Meiji ishin to bunka 明治維新と文化, ed. Meiji Ishinshi Gakkai, 明治維新史学会, pp. 211–35. Tokyo: Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, 2005.Google Scholar
Tsue 1875 Tsue Satarō, 津江左太郎. Tai Shin kiji 臺清紀事. Tokyo: Nagano Kameshichi, 1875.Google Scholar
Valjeluk 2006 Valjeluk Hua Acai, 華阿財 (valjeluk mavaliu), trans. Miyazaki Seiko, 宮崎聖子. “‘Botansha jiken’ nitsuite no shiken” 「牡丹社事件」についての私見. Taiwan genjūmin kenkyū 台湾原住民研究 10 (March 2006), pp. 38–59.Google Scholar
Valjeluk 2007 Valjeluk Mavaliu (Hua Acai), . “Bazuroku (Valjeluk) kara no kotoba: shinrai to kibō” バヅロク(Valjeluk)からの言葉：信頼と希望, trans. Ishigaki Naoki, 石垣直. Taiwan genjūmin kenkyū 11 (March 2007), pp. 224–28.Google Scholar
Valjeluk 2008 Valjeluk Mavaliu (Hua Acai), . “Qie si chaoyang you zhao jun: Mudanshe shijian zhong shaonü Outai Otai zhi mi” 妾似朝陽又照軍——牡丹社事件中少女歐泰おたい之謎. Hengchunren 恆春人 9 ( 2008).Google Scholar
Yamaji 2004 Yamaji Katsuhiko, 山路勝彦. Taiwan no shokuminchi tōchi: ‘Mushu no yabanjin’ to iu gensetsu no tenkai 台湾の植民地統治——“無主の野蛮人”という言説の展開. Tokyo: Nihon Tosho Sentaa, 2004.Google Scholar
Yamaji 2007 Yamaji, Katsuhiko. “‘Yabanjin’ no hyōshō, aruiwa shokuminchishugi no kigen: Meiji 7-nen no Taiwan shuppei o meguru shomondai” ＜野蛮人＞の表象、あるいは植民地主義の起源——明治７年の台湾出兵をめぐる諸問題. Taiwan genjūmin kenkyū 11 (March 2007), pp. 142–66.Google Scholar
Yamamoto 2007 Yamamoto Yoshimi, 山本芳美. “Paiwan shōjo Otai kara miru ‘Botansha jiken’: Kankeisha no kiroku to Kokuritsu Kōbunshokan shozō no kōbunsho o chūshin ni” パイワン少女オタイからみる「牡丹社事件」：関係者たちの記録と国立公文書館所蔵の公文書を中心に. Taiwan genjūmin kenkyū 11 (March 2007), pp. 167–202.Google Scholar
Yamanaka 1931 Yamanaka Kikori, 山中樵. “Ninai shōjo Otai” 爾乃少女オタイ. Taiwan jihō 台湾時報 143 (October 1931), pp. 75–81.Google Scholar