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Solar Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Observations from GRANAT1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2016

N. Vilmer
N. Vilmer*
Affiliation:
DASOP—Observatoire de Paris, Section d’Astrophysique de Meudon, F92195 Meudon-Cedex, France

Abstract

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Hard X-rays and gamma-rays are the most direct signature of the energetic electrons and ions which are accelerated during solar flares. Since the beginning of 1990 the PHEBUS instrument and the SIGMA anticoincidence shield aboard GRANAT have provided hard X-ray and gamma-ray observations of solar bursts in the energy range 0.075-124 and 0.200-15 MeV, respectively. After a brief description of the experiments, we present some results obtained on solar bursts recorded in 1990 and 1991 June. Special emphasis is given to the results related with particle acceleration during solar flares.

The first part of the review is devoted to the constraints obtained on the electron acceleration timescale through the analysis of the temporal characteristics of the bursts. Combined studies of hard X-ray and gamma-ray emissions from PHEBUS and radio emissions from the Nançay Multifrequency Radioheliograph are used to infer constraints on the coronal magnetic topology involved in flares. The characteristics (location, spectrum) of the radio-emitting sources are found to vary within a flare from one hard X-ray peak to the other. Hard X-ray and gamma-ray burst onsets and rapid increases of the > 10 MeV emission are coincident with changes in the associated radio emission pattern. These results will be discussed in the context of the flare energy release.

The second part of the paper concerns the heliocentric angle distribution of > 10 MeV events and presents more detailed observations of some of the largest flares in the gamma-ray line and the high-energy domains produced by ultrarelativistic electrons and > 100 MeV nucleon−1 ions. The PHEBUS observations of the gamma-ray line flare of 11 June 1991 have been used to deduce the hardness of the accelerated ion spectrum. The link between the main part of the flare and the late long-lasting >50 MeV emission detected by EGRET/COMPTON is discussed. Finally some observations of the large 1990 May 24 flare which produced a large neutron event at ground level are presented.

Subject headings: acceleration of particles — Sun: flares — Sun: radio radiation — Sun: X-rays, gamma rays

Type
Solar Flares
Information
International Astronomical Union Colloquium , Volume 142: Particle Acceleration Phenomena in Astrophysical Plasmas , 1994 , pp. 611 - 621
Copyright
Copyright © The American Astronomical Society 1994

Footnotes

2

On behalf of the solar GRANAT collaboration.

1

Invited review at IAU Colloquium 142, “Particle Acceleration Phenomena in Astrophysical Plasmas.”

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