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The Period of Organization of the International Latitude Service: 1889–1899
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 April 2016
Extract
Around 1880, and for some time after that, the possibility of revealing a variation in latitude as a consequence of a separation of the instantaneous rotation axis from the Earth’s axis of inertia gave rise to much perplexity due to the complexity of the problem and the existence of non-negligible and hard-to-find systematic errors in observations of a personal and instrumental nature. These errors also depended on effects of refraction and imprecise knowledge of star declinations.
To this must be added the fact that the very idea that the rotational axis and the axis of inertia were distinct and in relative motions raised difficult problems of a physical and theoretical nature. At that time the idea of the Earth’s rigidity was still generally accepted and, even admitting the hypothesis of an Earth endowed with sufficient elasticity and plasticity, the theory of which had been partly examined by G.H. Darwin, it was then almost impossible, just as it still is today, to create a model of the movements of mass inside the Earth which could offer an explanation of possible aperiodic and secular variations. In reality, more than on the existence of periodic variations, the attention and interest of geodesists and astronomers was in those years focused on the problem of the existence or non-existence of secular variations in the Earth’s principal axis.
- Type
- Part 2. History of the International Latitude Service, Bureau International de l’Heure, International Earth Rotation Service and Polar Motion Applications
- Information
- International Astronomical Union Colloquium , Volume 178: Polar Motion: Historical and Scientific Problems , 2000 , pp. 121 - 138
- Copyright
- Copyright © Astronomical Society of the Pacific 2000