Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T20:09:53.731Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Optical Emission-Line Spectra of Be Stars (Review Paper)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 September 2016

Joachim Dachs
Joachim Dachs*
Affiliation:
Astronomisches Institut, Ruhr-Universität, D-4630 Bochum 1, Federal Republic of Germany

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Recent observational work on spectra obtained at optical and near-infrared wavelengths is reviewed for “ordinary” (non-supergiant non-peculiar) Be and Be-shell stars, with particular emphasis on comparison between high-resolution spectral measurements and current Be star models. Emission-line profiles are interpreted in terms of geometry, dimensions and dynamics of a dense (N ≃ 1011 cm-3), cool (T ≃ 104 k) line-emitting region in the circumstellar envelope, separated from the thin, hot expanding stellar wind region. Present observations support a rotating-disk model for the cool, line-emitting region. Indications pointing towards structuring of cool circumstellar envelope regions are reported. Significant spectral variations are detected both on short (less than one day) and long time scales (months to years). Typical cycle times for large-amplitude V/R variations and intervals between shell episodes depend on spectral type, increasing with decreasing effective temperature of the central stars and ranging from a few years for early-Be type stars to a few decades for late Be stars.

Type
III. The Circumstellar Gas
Information
International Astronomical Union Colloquium , Volume 92: Physics of Be Stars , August 1987 , pp. 149 - 171
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1987

References

Andrillat, Y. (1983). Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 53, 319.Google Scholar
Andrillat, Y., Fehrenbach, Ch. (1982). Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 48, 93.Google Scholar
Andrillat, Y., Jaschek, M., Jaschek, C. (1986). Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 65, 1.Google Scholar
Aydin, C., Faraggiana, R. (1978). Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 34, 51.Google Scholar
Baade, D. (1983). Astron. Astrophys. 124, 283.Google Scholar
Baldwin, R.B. (1939). Astrophys. J. 89, 255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barker, P.K. (1982). Astrophys. J. Suppl. 49, 89.Google Scholar
Barker, P.K. (1983a). Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific 95, 996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barker, P.K. (1983b). Be Star Newsl. (Obs. Strasbourg) 7, 10.Google Scholar
Barker, P.K. (1983c). Astron. J. 88, 72 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barker, P.K. (1984). Be Star News1 (Obs. Strasbourg) 9, 20.Google Scholar
Barker, P.K. (1986). Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific 98, 44.Google Scholar
Briot, D. (1971). Astron. Astrophys. 11, 57.Google Scholar
Briot, D. (1981). Astron. Astrophys. 103, 1+5.Google Scholar
Briot, D. (1986). Astron. Astrophys. 163, 67.Google Scholar
Bruhweiler, F.C., Morgan, T.H., van der Hucht, K.A. (1982). Astrophys. J. 262, 675.Google Scholar
Buscombe, W. (1970). Monthly Not. Royal Astr. Soc. 148, 79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chalabaev, A.A., Maillard, J.P. (1983). Astron. Astrophys. 127, 279.Google Scholar
Chalabaev, A.A. (1985). Astrophys. J. 294, 640.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cowley, A., Gugula, E. (1973). Astron. Astrophys. 22, 203.Google Scholar
Dachs, J. (1980). Proc. Second IUE Conference, ESA Special Publ. 157, 139.Google Scholar
Dachs, J., Eichendorf, W., Schleicher, H., Schmidt-Kaler, Th., Stift, M., Tüg, H. (1981). Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 43, 427.Google Scholar
Dachs, J., Hanuschik, R. (1984). Astron. Astrophys. 138, 140.Google Scholar
Dachs, J., Hanuschik, R., Kaiser, D., Ballereau, D., Bouchet, P., Kiehling, R., Kozok, J., Rudolph, R., Schlosser, W. (1986a). Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 63, 87.Google Scholar
Dachs, J., Hanuschik, R., Kaiser, D., Rohe, D. (1986b). Astron. Astrophys. 159, 276.Google Scholar
Delplace, A.M. (1970a). Astron. Astrophys. 7, 459.Google Scholar
Delplace, A.M. (1970b). Astron. Astrophys. 7, 68.Google Scholar
Doazan, V. (1973). Astron. Astrophys. 27, 395.Google Scholar
Doazan, V. (1982). In: B stars with and without emission lines (eds.: Underhill, A., Doazan, V.), NASA SP-456, p. 277.Google Scholar
Doazan, V., Briot, D., Bourdonneau, B. (1975). Astron. Astrophys. 42, 161.Google Scholar
Doazan, V., Franco, M., Rusconi, L., Sedmak, G., Stalio, R. (1983). Astron. Astrophys. 128, 171.Google Scholar
Doazan, V., Franco, M., Rusconi, L., Sedmak, G., Stalio, R. (1984). Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 55, 1.Google Scholar
Doazan, V., Grady, C.A., Snow, T.P., Peters, G.J., Marlborough, J.M., Barker, P.K., et al. (1985). Astron. Astrophys. 152, 182.Google Scholar
Doazan, V., Harmanec, P., Koubsky, P., Krpata, J., Zdarsky, F. (1982a). Astron. Astrophys. 115, 138.Google Scholar
Doazan, V., Harmanec, P., Koubsky, P., Krpata, J., Zdarsky, F. (1982b). Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 50, 481.Google Scholar
Doazan, V., Marlborough, J.M., Morossi, C., Peters, G.J., Rusconi, L., Sedmak, G., Stalio, R., Thomas, R.N., Willis, A. (1986). Astron. Astrophys. 158, 1.Google Scholar
Dodson, H. (1936). Astrophys. J. 84, 180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ebbets, D. (1981). Publ. Astr. Soc. Pacific 93, 119.Google Scholar
Edwards, D.L. (1956). Vistas in Astronomy 2, 1470.Google Scholar
Finkenzeller, U. (1985). Astron. Astrophys. 151, 340.Google Scholar
Fontaine, G., Villeneuve, B., Landstreet, J.D., Taylor, R.H. (1982). Astrophys. J. Suppl. 49, 259.Google Scholar
Guinan, E.F., Hayes, D.P. (1984). Astrophys. J. Letters 287, L39.Google Scholar
Gulliver, A.F. (1977). Astrophys. J. Suppl. 35, 441.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gulliver, A.F., Bolton, C.T., Poeckert, R. (1980). Publ. Astr. Soc. Pacific 92, 774.Google Scholar
Hanuschik, R. (1986a). Astron. Astrophys. (in press).Google Scholar
Hanuschik, R. (1986b). Astron. Astrophys. (submitted).Google Scholar
Harmanec, P. (1983). Hvar Obs. Bull. 7, no. 1 , p. 55 (Zagreb).Google Scholar
Hiltner, W.A., Garrison, R.F., Schild, R.E. (1969). Astrophys. J. 157, 313.Google Scholar
Hirata, R., Hubert-Delplace, A.M. (1981). Proc. Workshop on Pulsating B Stars, Nice Observatory, p. 217.Google Scholar
Hirata, R., Kogure, T. (1984). Bull. Astr. Soc. India 12, 109.Google Scholar
Horne, K., Marsh, T.R. (1986). Monthly Not. Royal astron. Soc. 218, 761.Google Scholar
Huang, S.-S. (1972). Astrophys. J. 171, 549.Google Scholar
Hubert-Delplace, A.M., Hubert, H. (1979). Atlas of Be Stars, Observatoire, Paris.Google Scholar
Hubert-Delplace, A.M. (1981). Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 44, 109.Google Scholar
Hubert-Delplace, A.M., Jaschek, M., Hubert, H., Chambon, M.Th. (1982). Internat. Astr. Union Symp. 98 (ed. Jaschek, M., Groth, H.-G.), p. 125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hubert-Delplace, A.M., Mon, M., Ungerer, V., Hirata, R., Paterson-Beeckmanns, F., Hubert, H., Baade, D. (1983). Astron. Astrophys. 121, 174.Google Scholar
Hutchings, J.B. (1970). Monthly Not. Roy. Astr. Soc. 150, 55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaschek, C., Jaschek, M. (1965). Publ. Astr. Soc. Pacific 77, 376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaschek, C., Jaschek, M. (1983). Astron. Astrophys. 77, 357.Google Scholar
Jaschek, M., Egret, D. (1982). A catalogue of Be stars, Microfiche 3067, Centre de Données Stellaires, Observatoire, Strasbourg.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaschek, M., Groth, H.G. (eds.) (1982). Int. Astron. Union Symp. 98, Reidel, Dordrecht.Google Scholar
Jaschek, M., Hubert-Delplace, A.M., Hubert, H. Jaschek, C. (1980). Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 42, 103.Google Scholar
Jaschek, M., Slettebak, A., Jaschek, C. (1981). Be Star Newsletter (Obs. Strasbourg) 4, 9.Google Scholar
Kitchin, C.R., Meadows, A.J. (1970). Astrophys. Space Sci. 8, 463.Google Scholar
Kogure, T. (1969). Astron. Astrophys. 1, 253.Google Scholar
Kogure, T. (1975). Publ. Astr. Soc. Japan 27, 165.Google Scholar
Kogure, T. (1984). Publ. Beijing Astr. Obs. 6, 1.Google Scholar
Kogure, T., Hirata, R., Asada, Y. (1978). Publ. Astr. Soc. Japan 30, 385.Google Scholar
Kogure, T., Hirata, R. (1982). Bull. Astr. Soc. India 10, 281.Google Scholar
Kogure, T., Suzuki, M. (1984). Publ. Astr. Soc. Japan 36, 191.Google Scholar
Kurucz, R.L. (1979). Astrophys. J. Suppl. 40, 1.Google Scholar
Lesh, J.R. (1968). Astrophys. J. Suppl. 17, 371.Google Scholar
Lowe, R.P., Moorhead, J.M., Wehlau, W.H., Barker, P.K., Marlborough, J.M. (1985). Astrophys. J. 290, 325.Google Scholar
McLaughlin, D.B. (1937). Astrophys. J. 85, 181.Google Scholar
McLaughlin, D.B. (1962). Astrophys. J. Suppl. 7, 65.Google Scholar
McLaughlin, D.B. (1966). Astrophys. J. 143, 285.Google Scholar
Marlborough, J.M. (1982). P. 361 in: IAU Symp. 98, eds. Jaschek, M., Groth, H.-G., Reidel, Dordrecht.Google Scholar
McConnell, D.J. (1981). Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 44, 387.Google Scholar
Meisel, D.D., Saunders, B.A., Frank, Z.A., Packard, M.L. (1982). Astrophys. J. 263, 759.Google Scholar
Merrill, P.W. (1949). Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific 61, 38.Google Scholar
Merrill, P.W. (1952). Astrophys. J. 115, 145.Google Scholar
Mullan, D.J. (1984). Astrophys. J. 284, 769.Google Scholar
Penrod, G.D. (1986). Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific 98, 35.Google Scholar
Pesch, P., Sanduleak, N. (1983). Astrophys. J. Suppl. 51, 171.Google Scholar
Pesch, P., Sanduleak, N. (1986). Astrophys. J. Suppl. 60, 543.Google Scholar
Peters, G.J. (1979). Astrophys. J. Suppl. 39, 175.Google Scholar
Peters, G.J. (1984). Publ. Astr. Soc. Pacific 96, 960.Google Scholar
Peters, G.J. (1986). Astrophys. J. Letters 301, L61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poeckert, R., Gulliver, A.F., Marlborough, J.M. (1982). Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific 94, 87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poeckert, R., Marlborough, J.M. (1978a). Astrophys. J. 220, 940.Google Scholar
Poeckert, R., Marlborough, J.M. (1978b). Astrophys. J. Suppl. 38, 229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poeckert, R., Marlborough, J.M. (1979). Astrophys. J. 233, 259.Google Scholar
Rybicki, G.B., Hummer, D.G. (1983). Astrophys. J. 274, 380.Google Scholar
Sanduleak, N., Pesch, P. (1984). Astrophys. J. Suppl. 55, 517.Google Scholar
Secchi, P. (1866). Comptes rendus Acad. Sciences Paris 63, 621.Google Scholar
Singh, M. (1982). Be Star News1. (Obs. Strasbourg) 6, 27.Google Scholar
Singh, M. (1982). Inf. Bull. Var. Stars (Budapest) 2188.Google Scholar
Slettebak, A. (ed.) (1976a). Int. Astron. Union Symp. 70, Reidel, Dordrecht.Google Scholar
Slettebak, A. (ed.) (1976b). In: Be and shell stars, IAU Symp. 70 (ed.: Slettebak, A.), Reidel, Dordrecht, p. 123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slettebak, A. (ed.) (1979). Space Science Rev. 23, 541.Google Scholar
Slettebak, A. (ed.) (1982a). Int. Astr. Union Symp. 98 (eds.: Jaschek, M., Groth, H.-G.), Reidel, Dordrecht, p. 109.Google Scholar
Slettebak, A. (ed.) (1982b), Astrophys. J. Suppl. 50, 55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slettebak, A., Carpenter, K.G. (1983). Astrophys. J. Suppl. 53, 869.Google Scholar
Slettebak, A., Reynolds, R.C. (1978). Astrophys. J. Suppl. 38, 205.Google Scholar
Snow, T.P. jr. (1981). Astrophys. J. 251, 139.Google Scholar
Stephenson, C.B. (1986). Astrophys. J. 300, 779.Google Scholar
Struve, O. (1931). Astrophys. J. 73, 94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Struve, O. (1942). Astrophys. J. 95, 134.Google Scholar
Swings, J.-P. (1974). Astron. Astrophys. 26, 443.Google Scholar
Vega, E.I. (1982). Astron. J. 87, 794.Google Scholar
Struve, O., Rabolli, M., Muzzio, J.C., Feinstein, A. (1980). Astron. J. 85, 1207.Google Scholar
Walborn, N.R. (1980). Astrophys. J. Suppl. 44, 535.Google Scholar
Zickgraf, F.-J., Wolf, B., Stahl, O., Leitherer, C., Klare, G. (1985). Astron. Astrophys. 143, 421.Google Scholar