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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 April 2016
The study of long period variable stars has been transformed in recent years by two observational developments. Large samples of stars have been observed at infrared wavelengths, providing knowledge of the intrinsic properties of the star as well as of circumstellar dust shells, and these observations have been extended to the variables in well defined stellar systems to allow their properties to be studied in relation to the stellar population to which they belong. Spectroscopic determinations of chemical composition have also provided several crucial insights.