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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 April 2016
High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy has the potential to reveal a number of interesting features of active galactic nuclei, primarily, though not exclusively, through the measurement of absorption lines. After a brief review of the principal problems of AGN research, selected potential high-resolution observations are discussed with a view toward assessing their scientific value and the degree of resolution they will require. Two classes of observations pertaining directly to AGNs are discussed: Fe Kα spectroscopy relevant to the dynamical and thermal character of the emission line zones; and measurement of resonance line absorption by highly-ionized species in BL Lac objects, which should tell us about entrainment of interstellar material by relativistic jets. A third class of potentially important observations uses AGNs as background light sources in order to directly measure the distance to clusters of galaxies.