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Buckling Bars and Boxy Bulges

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2016

M. R. Merrifield
M. R. Merrifield*
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Southampton University, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK

Abstract

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It has been suggested that the peanut-shaped bulges seen in some edge-on disk galaxies are produced when bars in these galaxies buckle. This paper reviews the modelling which seeks to show how bars buckle, and I present a very simple new model which captures the essential physics of this process. I then discuss the problems in establishing observationally the connection between peanut-shaped bulges and bars. Confirmation of the link has proved difficult because boxy bulges are only apparent in edge-on galaxies whereas bars are only easily detectable in more face-on systems. Finally, I present a new technique which avoids this difficulty by searching for the distinctive kinematic signature of an edgeon bar; application of this method to spectra of peanut-shaped bulges reveals that they are, indeed, associated with hidden bars.

Type
Part IV. Observations of Barred Galaxies: Stellar Kinematics, Bulges, AGN
Information
International Astronomical Union Colloquium , Volume 157: Barred Galaxies , 1996 , pp. 179 - 187
Copyright
Copyright © Astronomical Society of the Pacific 1996

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