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Towards Culture-Inclusive Criminology in Asia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 June 2020

Masahiro Suzuki Open the ORCID record for Masahiro Suzuki [Opens in a new window]  and
Chen-Fu Pai Open the ORCID record for Chen-Fu Pai [Opens in a new window]
Masahiro Suzuki*
Affiliation:
Central Queensland University, North Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
Chen-Fu Pai
Affiliation:
Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, QLD, Australia
*
*Corresponding Author: Masahiro Suzuki, School of Business and Law, Central Queensland University, Level 2, Building 34, Bruce Highway, North Rockhampton, QLD4702, Australia. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Mainstream criminology has been mainly developed in the US and other English-speaking countries. With an expansion of criminology outside the English-speaking world, several scholars have started to cast doubts on the applicability of current mainstream criminology in their regions because it has failed to account for cultural differences. This question has led to a call for an “indigenized” criminology, in which knowledge and discourses are derived from or fixed to align with unique cultural contexts in each region. In this vein, Liu (2009, 2016, 2017a, 2017b) has proposed Asian Criminology. While it has significantly contributed to the development of criminology in Asia, we see two challenges in Liu’s Asian Criminology: lack of consideration for cultural diversity within Asia and its focus on the individualism–collectivism continuum. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach to developing criminology in Asia, which we call culture-inclusive criminology. It builds on a premise that Asia consists of a variety of cultural zones, and therefore calls for a shift from the Euro-American view on culture towards an understanding of culture in its context. Its goal is to develop indigenized criminologies in each cultural zone of Asia under an umbrella of culture-inclusive criminology.

Abstracto

Abstracto

La criminología convencional se ha desarrollado principalmente en los Estados Unidos y otros países de habla inglesa. Con una expansión de la criminología fuera del mundo de habla inglesa, varios académicos han comenzado a poner en duda la aplicabilidad de la criminología convencional actual en sus regiones porque no ha tenido en cuenta las diferencias culturales. Esta pregunta ha llevado a un llamado a una criminología “indígena”, en la cual el conocimiento y los discursos se derivan o fijan para alinearse con contextos culturales únicos en cada región. En este sentido, Liu (2009, 2016, 2017a, 2017b) ha propuesto la Criminología Asiática. Si bien ha contribuido significativamente al desarrollo de la criminología en Asia, vemos dos desafíos en la criminología asiática de Liu: la falta de consideración por la diversidad cultural dentro de Asia y su enfoque en el continuo individualismo-colectivismo. En este documento, proponemos un enfoque alternativo para desarrollar la criminología en Asia, que llamamos criminología que incluye la cultura. Se basa en la premisa de que Asia consiste en una variedad de zonas culturales y, por lo tanto, exige un cambio de la visión euroamericana de la cultura hacia una comprensión de la cultura en su contexto. Su objetivo es desarrollar criminologías indígenas en cada zona cultural de Asia bajo un paraguas de criminología que incluya la cultura.

Abstrait

Abstrait

La criminologie traditionnelle a été principalement développée aux États-Unis et dans d’autres pays anglophones. Avec une expansion de la criminologie en dehors du monde anglophone, plusieurs chercheurs ont commencé à mettre en doute l’applicabilité de la criminologie dominante actuelle dans leurs régions parce qu’elle n’a pas tenu compte des différences culturelles. Cette question a conduit à un appel à une criminologie «indigène», dans laquelle les connaissances et les discours sont dérivés ou fixés pour s’aligner sur des contextes culturels uniques dans chaque région. Dans cette veine, Liu (2009, 2016, 2017a, 2017b) a proposé la criminologie asiatique. Bien qu’elle ait contribué de manière significative au développement de la criminologie en Asie, nous voyons deux défis dans la criminologie asiatique de Liu: le manque de considération pour la diversité culturelle en Asie et sa concentration sur le continuum individualisme-collectivisme. Dans cet article, nous proposons une approche alternative pour développer la criminologie en Asie, que nous appelons la criminologie inclusive de la culture. Elle part du principe que l’Asie se compose d’une variété de zones culturelles, et appelle donc à un changement de la vision euro-américaine de la culture vers une compréhension de la culture dans son contexte. Son objectif est de développer des criminologies indigènes dans chaque zone culturelle de l’Asie sous l’égide de la criminologie inclusive de la culture.

摘要

摘要

主流犯罪学主要是在美国和其他英语国家中发展起来的。随着犯罪学在英语世界之外的扩展，一些学者开始对当前主流犯罪学在他们地区的适用性提出质疑，因为它未能解释文化差异性。这一问题促使人们呼吁建立一种“本土化”的犯罪学。在这种犯罪学中，知识和话语来源于或固定于每个区域的独特文化背景。在这方面，刘(2009;2016;2017a;2017b)提出了亚洲犯罪学。虽然这对亚洲犯罪学的发展做出了重大贡献，但我们看到刘的亚洲犯罪学面临着两个挑战：一是对亚洲文化多样性缺乏考虑，二是对个人主义-集体主义连续体的关注。本文提出了在亚洲发展犯罪学的另一种路径，我们称之为文化包容犯罪学。它建立在亚洲是由多种文化区组成的前提下，因此，呼吁从欧美文化观转向对其背景文化的理解。其目标是在文化包容犯罪学的保护伞下，在亚洲各文化区发展本土化犯罪学。

ملخّص

ملخّص

تم تطوير علم الإجرام السّائد بشكل رئيسي في الولايات المتحدة وغيرها من البلدان الناطقة باللغة الإنجليزية. ومع توسع علم الإجرام خارج نطاق هذه البلدان، بدأ العديد من العلماء يثيرون الشّكوك حول قابليّة تطبيق علم الإجرام الحالي في مناطقهم كونه لم يتمكّن من تفسير الاختلافات الثقافيّة. أدت هذه المسألة إلى دعوة إلى علم إجرام "محلّي" يتم فيه اشتقاق المعرفة والحوار أو إصلاحهما ليتماشيا مع السّياقات الثّقافيّة الخاصّة بكل منطقة. في هذا السياق، اقترح ليو (2009 ؛ 2016 ؛ 2017 أ ؛ 2017 ب) علم الإجرام الآسيوي. وفي حين ساهم هذا الأخير إلى حدٍّ كبير في تطوير علم الإجرام في آسيا، يشهد علم الإجرام الأسيوي الّذي وضعه )ليو( تحدِّيَيْن محتَمَليْن: عدم مراعاة التنوع الثقافي داخل آسيا وتركيز هذا العلم على استمرارية الفردية الجماعية individualism–collectivism continuum. في هذه المقالة ، نقترح نهجًا بديلاً لتطوير علم الإجرام في آسيا، وهو ما نسمّيه بعلم الجريمة الشامل للثقافة culture-inclusive criminology. يقوم هذا البديل على فرضيّة أن آسيا تتكون من مجموعة متنوعة من المناطق الثقافيّة، وبالتالي تدعو إلى تحوّل من الرّؤية الأوروبيّة الأمريكيّة للثقافة إلى فهم الثقافة في سياقها. أمّا هدفه فهو تطوير علم الإجرام المحلّي في كل منطقة ثقافيّة في آسيا تحت مظلة علم الإجرام الشّامل للثقافة.

Keywords

culture-inclusive criminologycriminology in Asiacultural zonesindividualism–collectivism continuumcomparative criminologycriminología que incluye la culturacriminología en Asiazona culturalcolectivismo individualismocriminología comparativacriminologie inclusive de la culturecriminologie en Asiezone culturelleindividualisme, collectivismecriminologie comparé文化包容犯罪学亚洲犯罪学文化区个人主义-集体主义比较犯罪学علم الإجرام الشامل للثقافةعلم الإجرام في آسياالمنطقة الثقافيّةالفرديّة الجماعيّةعلم الإجرام المقارن
Type
Article
Information
International Annals of Criminology , Volume 57 , Issue 1-2 , May 2019 , pp. 8 - 24
Copyright
© 2020 International Society of Criminology

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