Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-08T18:30:59.023Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Psychological Profiles of Brazilian Adolescent Offenders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 March 2018

Marina Rezende Bazon  and
Lais Sette Galinari
Marina Rezende Bazon*
Affiliation:
University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
Lais Sette Galinari
Affiliation:
University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
*
*Corresponding Author: Dr Marina Rezende Bazon, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Departmento de Psicologia, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. Telephone: +55 16 3315 3830. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The present study verified the existence of psychological profiles among Brazilian adolescent offenders, using data from a sample (n=858) collected with the Brazilian version of the Revised Jesness Inventory (JI-R-Br). This instrument is a comprehensive, self-report measure of personal dispositions (traits) that are associated with vulnerability to antisocial behavior (Impulsivity, Aggression/Hostility, Sensation Seeking) and adaptive patterns (Antisocial Values/Beliefs and Antisocial Attitudes). Cluster analyses showed three significantly distinct groups: group 1 (n=276), called Asocial, was comprised of impulsive/aggressive adolescents with high antisocial motivation, low self-control and very focused on their own needs. Group 2 (n=346), called Neurotic Antisocial, was comprised of adolescents with high rates of depression and anxiety, as well as low self-control, but with less antisocial motivation when compared with group 1. Group 3 (n=236) was similar to group 4 (normative group; n=572). Our results corroborate those described by other studies in the literature. They show the importance of different practices and/or interventions when working with offenders, given that there are different profiles based on different psychological characteristics/needs for this population.

Sinopsis

Este estudio verificó la existencia de perfiles psicológicos entre los delincuentes adolescentes brasileños, utilizando datos de una muestra (n=858) recopilada con el uso de la versión brasileña del Jesness Inventory-Revised (JI-R-Br). Este instrumento es una medida exhaustiva y autoinforme de las disposiciones personales (Rasgos) que están asociadas con la vulnerabilidad al comportamiento antisocial (Impulsividad, Agresión / Hostilidad, Búsqueda de Sensación) y patrones adaptativos (Valores Antisociales / Creencias y Actitudes Antisociales). Los análisis de conglomerados mostraron tres grupos significativamente distintos: el grupo 1 (n=276), llamado Asocial, estaba compuesto por adolescentes impulsivos / agresivos con alta motivación antisocial, bajo autocontrol y muy enfocados en sus propias necesidades. El grupo 2 (n=346), llamado Neurotico Antisocial, estaba compuesto por adolescentes con altas tasas de depresión y ansiedad, así como bajo autocontrol, pero con menor motivación antisocial en comparación con el Grupo 1. El grupo 3 (n=236) fue similar al grupo 4 (grupo normativo/n=572). Nuestros resultados corroboran los descritos por otros estudios en la literatura y muestran la importancia de diferentes prácticas y/o intervenciones cuando se trabaja con delincuentes, dado que existen diferentes perfiles basados en diferentes características/necesidades psicológicas para esta población.

Résumé

Cette étude a mis en évidence l’existence de profils psychologiques parmi les adolescents délinquants brésiliens, grace aux données d’un échantillon (n=858) recueilli en utilisant la version brésilienne du Jesness Inventory-Revised (JI-R-Br). Cet instrument est une mesure complète et autodéclarée des dispositions personnelles (traits) associées à la vulnérabilité au comportement antisocial (impulsivité, agressivité/hostilité, recherche de sensations) et aux modèles adaptatifs (valeurs antisociales/croyances et attitudes antisociales). Les analyses ont montré trois groupes significativement distincts: le groupe 1 (n=276), appelé Asocial, est composé d’adolescents impulsifs/agressifs avec une motivation antisociale élevée, une faible maîtrise de soi et très concentrés sur leurs propres besoins. Le groupe 2 (n=346), appelé Neurotic Antisocial, est composé d’adolescents avec des taux élevés de dépression et d’anxiété, ainsi qu’un faible contrôle de soi, mais avec moins de motivation antisociale que le groupe 1. Le groupe 3 (n=236) est similaire au groupe 4, le groupe normatif (n=572). Nos résultats corroborent ceux décrits par d’autres études dans la littérature et montrent l’importance de différentes pratiques et/ou interventions dans le travail avec les délinquants, étant donné qu’il existe différents profils basés sur différentes caractéristiques psychologiques/besoins pour cette population.

摘要

本研究使用巴西版本的JesnessInventory-Revised(JI-R-Br)收集的樣本數據(n=858)驗證了巴西青少年犯罪者心理概況的存在。這個工具是一個綜合的，自我報告的與反社會行為(衝動，侵略/敵意，感覺尋求)和適應模式(反社會價值觀/信仰和反社會態度)相關的個人傾向(特質)。聚類分析顯示三個顯著不同的群體：組1(n=276)，稱為社會，是由衝動/侵略性青少年高反社會動機，低自我控制和誰是非常專注於自己的需要。第二組(n=346)被稱為神經反社會，其組成部分是高抑鬱和焦慮，低自我控制的青少年，但與第一組相比，反社會動機較少。第三組(236人)與第4組相似(規範組/n=572)。我們的研究結果證實了文獻中其他研究所描述的結果，並且顯示了與罪犯進行工作時不同的實踐和/或乾預措施的重要性，因為根據不同的心理特徵/需求，這個人群有不同的特徵。

Keywords

juvenile delinquencypersonality assessmentpsychological profilepsychological interventionsdelincuencia juvenilevaluación de la personalidadperfil psicológicointervenciones psicológicasdélinquance juvénileévaluation de la personnalitéprofil psychologiqueinterventions psychologiques青少年犯罪人格評估心理特徵心理干預
Type
Articles
Information
International Annals of Criminology , Volume 55 , Issue 2 , November 2017 , pp. 158 - 171
Copyright
© 2018 International Society of Criminology 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alarcón, Paula, Vinet, Eugênia Salvo, Sonia. 2005. “Estilos de Personalidad y Desadaptación Social Durante la Adolescencia.” Psykhe (Santiago) 14(1):3–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bazon, Marina R. 2016. “Avaliação Psicológica de Adolescentes em Conflito com a Lei: Validação do Inventário de Jesness – Revisado.” Tese (Livre Docência), Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo.Google Scholar
Benda, Brent B., Corwyn, Robert F. Toombs, Nancy J.. 2001. “Recidivism among Adolescent Serious Offenders: Prediction of Entry into the Correctional System for Adults.” Criminal Justice and Behavior 28:588–613.Google Scholar
Benda, Brent B., Toombs, Nancy J Peacock, Mark. 2002. “Ecological Factors in Recidivism: A Survival Analysis of Boot Camp Graduates After Three Years.” Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 35(1):63–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butler, Edgar W. Adams, Stuart N.. 1966. “Typologies of Delinquent Girls: Some Alternative Approaches.” Social Forces 44(3):401–407.Google Scholar
Espelage, Dorothy, Cauffman, Elizabeth, Broidy, Lisa, Piquero, Alex R., Mazerolle, Paul Steiner, H.. 2003. “A Cluster Analytic Investigation of MMPI Profiles of Serious Male and Female Juvenile Offenders.” Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 42(7):770–777.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fleckenstein, Lawrence. 2006. “Typology of Adolescents Involved in the Juvenile Justice System: A Cluster Analysis of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.” Doctoral Dissertation, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA.Google Scholar
Fraas, Louis A. Price, Robert L.. 1972. “The Jesness Inventory as a Predictor of Awol Recidivism.” Psychological Reports 31:741–742.Google Scholar
Fréchette, Marcel Le Blanc, Mark. 1987. “De l’Egocentrisme à l’Allocentrisme.” Pp. 194–235 in Delinquances et Delinquants, edited by M. Fréchette and M. Le Blanc. Boucherville: Gaëtan Morin Éditeur.Google Scholar
Gibbons, Don C. 2002. “Typologies of Criminal Behavior.” In Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice. Retrieved February 2018 (http://www.encyclopedia.com/law/legal-and-political-magazines/typologies-criminal-behavior).Google Scholar
Graham, Sally A. 1981. “Predictive and Concurrent Validity of the Jesness Inventory Asocial Index: When Does a Delinquent Become a Delinquent?” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 49(5):740–742.Google Scholar
Hewitt, Lleyton E. Jenkins, Richard L.. 1946. Fundamental Patterns of Maladjustment; the Dynamics of their Origin; a Statistical Analysis Based upon Five Hundred Case Records of Children Examined at the Michigan Child Guidance Institute. Oxford, UK: State of Illinois.Google Scholar
HubbardDana, J. Dana, J. Pealer, Jennifer. 2009. “The Importance of Responsivity Factors in Predicting Reductions in Antisocial Attitudes and Cognitive Distortions Among Adult Male Offenders.” The Prison Journal 89:79–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jesness, Carl F. 1963. The Jesness Inventory: Redevelopment and Revalidation. Sacramento, CA: California Youth Authority Research.Google Scholar
Jesness, Carl F. 1964. The Jesness Inventory. North Tonawanda, NY: MultiHealth Systems.Google Scholar
Jesness, Carl F. 1983. The Jesness Inventory, Revised Edition Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.Google Scholar
Jesness, Carl F. 2003. Jesness Inventory-Revised. Technical Manual. North Tonawanda, NY: MultiHealth Systems.Google Scholar
Jesness, Carl F. Wedge, Robert F.. 1984. “Validity of a Revised Jesness Inventory I-Level Classification with Delinquents.” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 52(6):997–1010.Google Scholar
Kamphaus, Randy W., DiStefano, Christine Lease, Michele. 2003. “A Self-Report Typology of Behavioral Adjustment for Young Children.” Psychological Assessment 15(1):17–28.Google Scholar
Kinch, John W. 1962. “Self-Conceptions of Types of Delinquents.” Sociological Inquiry 32(2):228–234.Google Scholar
Komatsu, André V. Bazon, Marina R.. 2015. “Caracterização de Adolescentes do Sexo Masculino em Relação a Comportamentos Antissociais.” Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud 13:725–735.Google Scholar
Lawson, Richard G. Jurs, Peter C.. 1990. “New Index for Clustering Tendency and its Application to Chemical Problems.” Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences 30(1):36–41.Google Scholar
Le Blanc, Marc. 2003. “Trajetórias de Delinquência Comum, Transitória e Persistente: Uma Estratégia de Prevenção Diferencial.” Pp. 31–80 in Comportamento Antissocial: Escola e Família, edited by I. Alberto. Coimbra: Centro de Psicopedagogia da Universidade de Coimbra.Google Scholar
Le Blanc, Marc. 2010. “Un Paradigme Développemental Pour la Criminologie: Développement et Autorégulation de la Conduite Déviante.” Criminologie 43(2):401–428.Google Scholar
Le Blanc, Marc Fréchette, Marcel. 1989. Male Criminal Activity, From Childhood Through Youth: Multilevel and Developmental Perspectives. New York: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Lorr, Maurice. 1983. Cluster Analysis for Social Scientists. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Lykken, David T. 1995. The Antisocial Personalities. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Manzi-Oliveira, Alana B. 2012. “Avaliação de Adolescentes em Conflito com a Lei: Adaptação Transcultural do Inventário de Personalidade de Jesness.” Dissertação de Mestrado, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto.Google Scholar
Martin, Roger D. 1981. “Cross-Validation of the Jesness Inventory with Delinquents and Nondelinquents.” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 49(1):10–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
PiqueroAlex, R. Alex, R. Moffitt, Terrie E.. 2008. “Explaining the Facts of Crime: How the Developmental Taxonomy Replies to Farrington’s Invitation.” Pp. 51–72 in Integrated Developmental and Life-Course Theories of Offending , edited by D. P. Farrington. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.Google Scholar
Quay, Herbert C. 1964a. “Dimensions of Personality in Delinquent Boys as Inferred from the Factor Analysis of Case History Data.” Child Development 35:479–484.Google ScholarPubMed
Quay, Herbert C. 1964b. “Personality Dimensions in Delinquent Males as Inferred From the Factor Analysis of Behavior Ratings.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 1:33–37.Google Scholar
Quay, Herbert C. 1966. “Personality Patterns in Preadolescent Delinquent Boys.” Educational and Psychological Measurement 26:99–110.Google Scholar
QuayHerbert, C. Herbert, C. 1972. “Patterns of Aggression, Withdrawal, and Immaturity.”Pp. 1–29 in Psychopathological Disorders of Childhood, edited by C. Quay and J. S. Werry. New York: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Quay, Herbert C. 1977. “Measuring Dimensions of Deviant Behavior: The Behavior Problem Checklist.” Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 5:277–287.Google Scholar
Saunders, G. R. Davies, M. B.. 1976. “Validity of Jesness Inventory with British Delinquents.” British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 15:33–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, Arvinder. 1983. “Validity of Jesness Inventory with Indian Delinquents.” Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology 10(2):485–489.Google Scholar
Smiley, Carson. 1977. “Classification and Delinquency: A Review.” Behavioral Disorders 2(4):184–200.Google Scholar
Stefurak, James T., Calhoun, Georgia G. Glaser, Brian A.. 2004. “Personality Typologies of Male Juvenile Offenders Using a Cluster Analysis of the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory Introduction.” International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 48(1):96–110.Google Scholar
Tolan, Patrick. 1988. “Socioeconomic, Family, and Social Stress Correlates of Adolescent Antisocial and Delinquent Behavior.” Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 16(3):317–331.Google Scholar
van Voorhis, Patricia. 1988. “A Cross Classification of Five Offender Typologies: Issues of Construct and Predictive Validity.” Criminal Justice and Behavior 15:109–124.Google Scholar
van Voorhis, Patricia. 1994. “Measuring Prison Disciplinary Problems: A Multiple Indicators Approach to Understanding Prison Adjustment.” Justice Quarterly 11(4):697–709.Google Scholar
Warren, Marguerite Q. 1971. “Classification of Offenders as an Aid to Efficient Management and Effective Treatment.” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 62(2):239–258.Google Scholar
Williams, Monica C. 2009. “Subtypes of Deprived Juvenile Offenders.” Doctoral Dissertation, Faculty of the University of Georgia, Athens, GA.Google Scholar
Worling, James R. 2001. “Personality-Based Typology of Adolescent Male Sexual Offenders: Differences in Recidivism Rates, Victim-Selection Characteristics, and Personal Victimization Histories.” Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 13(3):149–166.Google Scholar