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A New Way of Teaching Criminology for Investigation and Trial: A Narrative-Based Approach

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 June 2020

Giulia Schioppetto ,
Marco Monzani  and
Silvio Ciappi
Giulia Schioppetto*
Affiliation:
Salesian University (IUSVE), Venice, Italy
Marco Monzani
Affiliation:
Salesian University (IUSVE), Venice, Italy University of Padua, Italy
Silvio Ciappi
Affiliation:
Faculty of Education, Istituto Universitario Pratesi, Italy Mental Health, Law and Policy Institute, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada Salesian Pontifical University, Rome, Italy
*
*Corresponding Author: Giulia Schioppetto, 54 Duca d’Aosta Road, Mestre, Venice, Italy. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

The narrative-based approach acts as the only tool capable of creating and assigning a meaning to individual life stories, linking individuals to their actions. The use of narrative as a reference frame for understanding the motive of the crime therefore offers an innovative perspective into criminology and its forensic application. Through the stories of the criminals and the victims, of society, and the world of justice as a whole, doing narrative criminology means listening to and accurately analysing criminal life stories to shed some light and meaning on the obscure elements of reality that from time to time take shape as a violent act. After a review of the most recent literature in the criminological narrative area, the present work analyses the role of the criminologist as an expert who provides an essential contribution during investigation and trial phases. Moreover, the work proposes the use of a narrative approach and the contribution of a narrative criminologist in two different moments of the criminal procedure: during the investigation phase, through a preventive methodological narrative training of forensic experts, with emphasis on team work, and in the trial phase through the use of criminological interviews to assess criminal liability and dangerousness.

Abstracto

Abstracto

El enfoque basado en la narrativa actúa como la única herramienta capaz de crear y asignar un significado a las historias de vida individuales, vinculando a los individuos con sus acciones. El uso de la narrativa como marco de referencia para comprender el motivo del crimen, por lo tanto, ofrece una perspectiva innovadora de la criminología y su aplicación forense. A través de las historias de los delincuentes y las víctimas, de la sociedad y del mundo de la justicia en su conjunto, hacer criminología narrativa significa escuchar y analizar con precisión las historias de la vida criminal para arrojar algo de luz y significado sobre los elementos oscuros de la realidad que de vez en cuando toman forma como un acto violento. Después de una revisión de la literatura más reciente en el área narrativa criminológica, el presente trabajo analiza el papel del criminólogo como experto que proporciona una contribución esencial durante las fases de investigación y juicio. Además, el trabajo propone el uso de un enfoque narrativo y la contribución de un criminólogo narrativo en dos momentos diferentes del procedimiento penal: durante la fase de investigación, a través de una capacitación narrativa metodológica preventiva de expertos forenses, con énfasis en el trabajo en equipo, y en la fase de prueba mediante el uso de entrevistas criminológicas para evaluar la responsabilidad penal y la peligrosidad.

Abstrait

Abstrait

L’approche narrative agit comme le seul outil capable de créer et d’attribuer un sens aux histoires de vie individuelles, reliant les individus à leurs actions. L’utilisation du récit comme cadre de référence pour comprendre le motif du crime offre donc une perspective innovante de la criminologie et de son application médico-légale. À travers les histoires des criminels et des victimes, de la société et du monde de la justice dans son ensemble, faire de la criminologie narrative signifie écouter et analyser avec précision des histoires de vie criminelle pour faire la lumière et donner un sens aux éléments obscurs de la réalité qui, de temps en temps, prennent la forme d’un acte violent. Après une revue de la littérature la plus récente dans le domaine narratif criminologique, le présent travail analyse le rôle du criminologue en tant qu’expert qui apporte une contribution essentielle lors des phases d’enquête et de procès. De plus, le travail propose l’utilisation d’une approche narrative et la contribution d’un criminologue narratif à deux moments différents de la procédure pénale: pendant la phase d’enquête, à travers une formation narrative méthodologique préventive d’experts médico-légaux, en mettant l’accent sur le travail d’équipe, et dans la phase du procès grâce à des entretiens criminologiques pour évaluer la responsabilité pénale et la dangerosité.

摘要

摘要

本研究采用ZIP模型对中国珠江三角洲最大城市之一的1268个分层随机样本进行分析，在社会交换的视角下，分别确定了男性和女性配偶暴力攻击和严重程度的相关因素。结果表明，外来务工人员家庭中配偶暴力符合性别对称性，对男性的暴力主要表现为心理暴力。“抢摇篮”的新模式使男性在家庭关系中得到充分保护。但是，妇女的教育水平和经济独立并不是防止丈夫暴力的保护因素。尽管中国的家庭模式发生了变化，女性的地位也得到了提高，但父权制的认知在外来务工人员家庭中根深蒂固。年轻夫妇应该根据自己的能力为家庭做出贡献，而不应该让任何一方感到委屈。

ملخّص

ملخّص

يُعْتَبَرُ المنهج القائم على السّرد، الأداة الوحيدة القادرة على كتابة قصص واقعيّة من الحياة وإيجاد معنىً لها، وذلك من خلال الرّبط بين الأفراد وأفعالهم. وبالتالي، فإن استخدام السّرد كإطارٍ مرجعيٍّ لفهم دوافع الجريمة يقدّم منظورًا مبتكرًا في علم الإجرام وقابليّته للتّطبيق الشّرعي. فمن خلال قصص المجرمين والضحايا والمجتمع، وعالم العدالة ككل، بات علم الإجرام السّردي وسيلةً لسماعِ قصصٍ واقعيّةٍ من حياة المجرمين وتحليلها بدقّة. وبذلك، يمكن إلقاء بعض الضوء على العناصر الغامضة للجريمة وتفسيرها بعد أن تكون قد اتّخذت العنف، من وقتٍ لأخر، شكلاً لها. فبعد مراجعة أحدث المؤلفات في مجال السرد الإجرامي، يعمل البحث الحاليّ على تحليل دور عالِم الإجرام كخبير مساهمته أساسيّة خلال مرحلتي التّحقيق والمحاكمة. علاوة على ذلك، يقترح العمل استخدام منهج السرد ومساهمة الباحث في علم الإجرام السّرديّ في لحظتين مختلفتين من الإجراءات الجنائيّة: أثناء مرحلة التّحقيق، من خلال التدريب على السّرد المنهجيّ الوقائيّ لخبراء الطب الشرعيّ، مع التركيز على العمل الجماعي؛ وفي مرحلة المحاكمة، من خلال استخدام المقابلات الجنائيّة من أجل تقييم المسؤوليّة الجنائيّة وخطورتها.

Keywords

narrative criminologylife storiesnarrative-based approachinvestigationtrialcriminología narrativahistorias de vidaenfoque narrativoinvestigaciónjuiciocriminologie narrativehistoires de vieapproche narrativeenquêteprocès配偶暴力社会交换ZIP 模型性别对称抢摇篮علم الإجرام السّرديقصص من الحياةالمنهج السّرديالتّحقيقالمحاكمة
Type
Article
Information
International Annals of Criminology , Volume 57 , Issue 1-2 , May 2019 , pp. 75 - 89
Copyright
© 2020 International Society of Criminology

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