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The Value of Criminological Theories in Explaining Cybersecurity in South African Smart Cities
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 26 August 2022
Abstract
The development of smart cities in South Africa has the potential to enrich quality of life, encourage economic growth and reduce the human ecological footprint. It can advance and elevate service delivery in urban areas by applying various information and communication technologies. However, despite the countless benefits available, smart cities are at risk for major cybersecurity breaches that can produce devastating consequences. Criminological theories provide a foundation for understanding and explaining the criminal activity. Advancements in computer technologies and increased use of electronic devices and the Internet have resulted in crimes committed in cyberspace. As such, criminology scholars have been forced to think differently about how crimes are committed in cyberspace and how theoretical perspectives can be advanced to explain these non-traditional crimes. This article contends that criminological theories can inform cybersecurity risks in smart cities. This paper is based on theoretical findings through a qualitative inquiry, and the data were analysed thematically. The authors illustrate the value of social learning theory, neutralization theory, code of the street theory, space transition theory, actor-network theory and integrated model theory in explaining cybersecurity risks in smart cities.
Abstracto
El desarrollo de ciudades inteligentes en Sudáfrica tiene el potencial de enriquecer la calidad de vida, fomentar el crecimiento económico y reducir la huella ecológica humana. Puede avanzar y elevar la prestación de servicios en áreas urbanas mediante la aplicación de diversas Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación. Sin embargo, a pesar de los innumerables beneficios disponibles, las ciudades inteligentes corren el riesgo de sufrir importantes brechas de seguridad cibernética que pueden tener consecuencias devastadoras. Las teorías criminológicas proporcionan una base para comprender y explicar la actividad delictiva. Los avances en las tecnologías informáticas y el mayor uso de dispositivos electrónicos e Internet han resultado en delitos cometidos en el ciberespacio. Como tal, los estudiosos de la criminología se vieron obligados a pensar de manera diferente sobre cómo se cometen los delitos en el ciberespacio y cómo se pueden avanzar las perspectivas teóricas para explicar estos delitos no tradicionales. Este artículo sostiene que las teorías criminológicas pueden informar los riesgos de seguridad cibernética en las ciudades inteligentes. Este artículo se basa en hallazgos teóricos a través de una investigación cualitativa, y los datos fueron analizados temáticamente. Los autores ilustran el valor de la teoría del aprendizaje social, de la neutralización, del código de la calle, de la transición espacial, del actor-red y la del modelo integrado para explicar los riesgos de ciberseguridad en las ciudades inteligentes.
Abstrait
Le développement de villes intelligentes en Afrique du Sud a le potentiel d’enrichir la qualité de vie, d’encourager la croissance économique et de réduire l’empreinte écologique humaine. Il peut faire progresser et élever la prestation de services dans les zones urbaines en appliquant diverses technologies de l’information et de la communication. Cependant, malgré les innombrables avantages disponibles, les villes intelligentes sont exposées à des failles majeures de cybersécurité qui peuvent avoir des conséquences dévastatrices. Les théories criminologiques fournissent une base pour comprendre et expliquer l’activité criminelle. Les progrès des technologies informatiques et l’utilisation accrue d’appareils électroniques et d’Internet ont entraîné des crimes commis dans le cyberespace. En tant que tels, les chercheurs en criminologie ont été contraints de penser différemment sur la façon dont les crimes sont commis dans le cyberespace et sur la manière dont les perspectives théoriques peuvent être avancées pour expliquer ces crimes non traditionnels. Cet article soutient que les théories criminologiques peuvent éclairer les risques de cybersécurité dans les villes intelligentes. Cet article est basé sur des découvertes théoriques à travers une enquête qualitative, et les données ont été analysées thématiquement. Les auteurs illustrent la valeur de la théorie de l’apprentissage social, de la théorie de la neutralisation, de la théorie du code de la rue, de la théorie de la transition spatiale, de la théorie des acteurs-réseaux et de la théorie des modèles intégrés pour expliquer les risques de cybersécurité dans les villes intelligentes.
抽象的
南非智慧城市的发展具有丰富生活质量、鼓励经济增长和减少人类生态足迹的潜力。它可以通过应用各种信息和通信技术来推进和提升城市地区的服务提供。然而，尽管有无数的好处，智慧城市仍面临可能产生毁灭性后果的重大网络安全漏洞的风险。犯罪学理论为理解和解释犯罪活动提供了基础。计算机技术的进步以及电子设备和互联网的使用增加导致网络空间犯罪。因此，犯罪学学者被迫以不同的方式思考网络空间中的犯罪行为以及如何推进理论视角来解释这些非传统犯罪。本文认为，犯罪学理论可以为智慧城市的网络安全风险提供信息。本文基于定性调查的理论发现，并对数据进行了主题分析。作者阐述了社会学习理论、中和理论、街道代码理论、空间转换理论、行动者网络理论和集成模型理论在解释智慧城市网络安全风险中的价值。
الملخص
إن تطوير المدن الذكية في جنوب إفريقيا لديه القدرة على إثراء نوعية الحياة ، وتشجيع النمو الاقتصادي ، وتقليل البصمة البيئية البشرية. يمكن أن تقدم وترتقي بتقديم الخدمات في المناطق الحضرية من خلال تطبيق تقنيات المعلومات والاتصالات المختلفة. ومع ذلك ، على الرغم من الفوائد العديدة المتاحة ، فإن المدن الذكية معرضة لخطر الانتهاكات الأمنية السيبرانية الكبرى التي يمكن أن تؤدي إلى عواقب وخيمة. توفر النظريات الإجرامية أساسًا لفهم النشاط الإجرامي وتفسيره. أدى التقدم في تقنيات الكمبيوتر وزيادة استخدام الأجهزة الإلكترونية والإنترنت إلى ارتكاب جرائم في الفضاء السيبراني. على هذا النحو ، اضطر علماء الجريمة إلى التفكير بشكل مختلف حول كيفية ارتكاب الجرائم في الفضاء الإلكتروني وكيف يمكن تطوير المنظورات النظرية لشرح هذه الجرائم غير التقليدية. تؤكد هذه المقالة أن النظريات الإجرامية يمكن أن تبلغ مخاطر الأمن السيبراني في المدن الذكية. تستند هذه الورقة إلى النتائج النظرية من خلال تحقيق نوعي ، وتم تحليل البيانات بشكل موضوعي. يوضح المؤلفون قيمة نظرية التعلم الاجتماعي ، ونظرية التحييد ، ورمز نظرية الشارع ، ونظرية انتقال الفضاء ، ونظرية شبكة الممثل ، ونظرية النموذج المتكامل في شرح مخاطر الأمن السيبراني في المدن الذكية.
Keywords
cybercrimecriminological theoriessmart citiescybersecuritycybersecurity risksciberdelincuenciateorías criminológicasciudades inteligentesla seguridad cibernéticariesgos de ciberseguridadcybercriminalitethéories criminologiquesvilles intelligentesla cybersécuritérisques de cybersécurité网络犯罪犯罪学理论智慧城市网络安全；网络安全风险جرائم الإنترنتنظريات علم الجريمة. مدينة ذكيةالأمن الإلكترونيمخاطر الأمن السيبراني
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