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I. Intellectual Property

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 January 2008

Joe McMahon  and
Catherine Seville
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Abstract

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Type
Current Developments: European Union Law
Information
International & Comparative Law Quarterly , Volume 56 , Issue 4 , October 2007 , pp. 899 - 906
Copyright
Copyright © British Institute of International and Comparative Law 2007

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References

1 Directive 2004/48/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the enforcement of intellectual property rights [2004] OJ L195/16.

2 Amended proposal for a Directive on criminal measures aimed at ensuring the enforcement of intellectual property rights COM(2006) 168. See also Presidency note on the amended proposed Directive: <http://register.consilium.europa.eu/pdf/en/06/st10/st10329.en06.pdf>.

3 ‘Copyright at the crossroads?’ in Single Market News (May 2005): <http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/smn/smn37/docs/special-feature_en.pdf>.

4 Tilman Lueder (Acting Head of the Copyright Unit, DG Internal Market and Services), ‘Legislative and Policy Developments in the European Union’ (April 2005): <http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/copyright/docs/docs/fordham2005_en.pdf>.

5 Directive 2001/29 on Copyright and Related Rights in the Information Society ‘2001’ OJ L1767/10 (implementation date Dec 2002).

6 Articles 2, 3, and 4. The ECJ has given its first ruling on the right of communication to the public: Case C-306/05 Sociedad General de Autores y Editores de España (SGAE) v Rafael Hoteles SL [2007] ECDR 2. A hotel received TV signals via its main aerial, and distributed them to the rooms of individual guests. This constitutes communication to the public within the meaning of Art 3(1) of the Directive, even though hotel rooms are in some sense private.

7 Art 5.

8 Arts 6 and 7.

9 For the working paper, SEC(2004) 995, see: <http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/copyright/docs/review/sec-2004–995_en.pdf>.

10 See Commission Communication to the Council, the European Parliament and the European Economic and Social Committee on the Management of Copyright and Related Rights in the Internal Market, COM (2004) 261 final, para 4.12.

11 Commission Recommendation of 18 October 2005 (2005/737/EC) on collective crossborder management of copyright and related rights for legitimate on-line music services OJ L 276, 21/10/2005.

12 Charlie, McCreevy, Music copyright: Commission recommendation on management of online rights in musical works (SPEECH/05/588 7 10 2005).Google Scholar

13 Working document on the Commission recommendation of 18 May 2005 on collective cross-border management of copyright and related rights for legitimate online music services (recom 2005/737/EC) (Committee on Legal Affairs): <http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2004_2009/documents/dt/609/609817/609817en.pdf>.

14 <http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/copyright/docs/management/monitoring_en.pdf>.

15 Stakeholder consultation on copyright levies in a changing world (June 2006): <http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/copyright/docs/levy_reform/stakeholder_consultation_en.pdf>. Replies at: <http://circa.europa.eu/Public/irc/markt/markt_consultations/library?1=/copyright_neighbouring/copyright_reform&vm=detailed&sb=Title&gt;.

16 ‘It seems that performers are regarded by some people as mere “interpreters” of the works which they record. But making recordings is not simply a mechanical process. It is a creative process in its own right. Surely the creativity of the artists whose performances breathe life into the authors' works is worthy of recognition for at least the same period?’: Submission by Sir Cliff Richard to the European Commission on working paper SEC (2004) 995 (19 July 2004).

17 Commission staff working paper on the review of the EC legal framework in the field of copyright and related rights, SEC(2004) 995 (19 July 2004) para 2.2.3.2.

18 Directive 2006/116/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2006 on the term of protection of copyright and certain related rights (codified version) [2006] OJ L372/12 (formerly Council Directive 93/98/EEC). Directive 2006/115/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2006 on rental right and lending right and on certain rights related to copyright in the field of intellectual property (codified version) [2006] OJ L372/28 (formerly Council Directive 92/100/EEC).

19 Public Hearing on Future Patent Policy in Europe: <http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/indprop/patent/hearing_en.htm>.

20 European Parliament resolution on future patent policy in Europe (12 October 2006) P6_TA(2006)0416.

21 <http://www.ipeg.com/_UPLOAD%20BLOG/Interim%20Legal%20Opinions%20 Legal%20Service%20EP%20Feb%201%202007.pdf>.

22 Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council—Enhancing the patent system in Europe COM(2007)0165: <http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:52007DC0165:EN:NOT>.

23 European Patent Convention, Art 52(2)(c). T208/84, VICOM/Computer-Related Invention [1987] EPOR 74.

24 Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the patentability of computer-implemented inventions COM(2002) 92.

25 Parliament's recommendation for second reading, A6-0207/2005. European Parliament legislative resolution on the Council common position with a view to the adoption of a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the patentability of computer-implemented inventions, P6_TA(2005)0275.

26 See Commissioner's statement: <http://www.europarl.europa.eu//sides//getDoc.do?language=EN&pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+CRE+20050706+ITEM-007+DOC+XML+V0//EN&query=INTERV&detail=3–100>. For more detail see D Booton, ‘The patentability of computer-implemented inventions in Europe’ [2007] IPQ 92–116.

27 <http://oami.europa.eu/pdf/office/SSC007-Statistics_of_Community_Designs_2006.pdf>.

28 <http://oami.europa.eu/en/design/decispending.htm>. For discussion see Izquierdo, JJ, ‘Registered Community Design: First Two-Year Balance from an Insider's Perspective’ [2006] EIPR 146–58Google Scholar; Bird, R, ‘Registered Community Design: Early Decisions of the OHIM Invalidity Division’ [2006] EIPR 297–99.Google Scholar

29 Case C–338/02, Fixtures Marketing Ltd v Svenska AB [2004] ECR I-10497, [2005] ECDR 4; Case C–444/02, Fixtures Marketing Ltd v Organismos Prognostikon Agonon Podosfairou EG [2004] ECR I-10549, [2005] ECDR 3; Case C–46/02, Fixtures Marketing Ltd v Oy Veikkaus Ab ECR I-10365, [2005] ECDR 2; C–203/02, British Horseracing Board Ltd v William Hill Organization Ltd [2004] ECR 10,415, [2005] ECDR 1.

30 Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, Art 7, [1996] OJ L 77/20.

31 For more see Davison, & Hugenholz, , ‘Football Fixtures, Horseraces and Spin-offs: The ECJ Domesticates the Database Right’ [2005] EIPR 113–118Google Scholar; Masson, , ‘Creation of Database or Creation of Data: Crucial Choices in the Matter of Database Protection’ [2006] EIPR 261–267.Google Scholar

32 DG Internal Market and Services working paper, First evaluation of Directive 96/9/EC on the legal protection of databases: http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/copyright/docs/databases/evaluation_report_en.pdf>.