Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T07:21:49.607Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Strain Variation Among Candida Species: Application of Various Typing Methods to Study the Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Candidiasis in Hospitalized Patients

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Michael A. Pfaller*
Affiliation:
Veterans Administration Medical Center and the Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
*
Department of Pathology, 273 MRC, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Editorial
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 1987

References

1.Bodey, GP, Candidiasis in cancer patients. Am J Med 1984;77:1319.Google ScholarPubMed
2.Bodey, GP, Fainstein, V, Systemic candidiasis, in Bodey, GP, Fainstein, V (eds): Candidiasis. New York, Raven Press, 1985, pp 135168.Google Scholar
3.Bodey, GP, Fungal infection and fever of unknown origin in neutropenic patients. Am J Med 1986;80(suppl 5C):112119.Google ScholarPubMed
4.Burnie, JP, Odds, F, Lee, W, et al: Outbreak of systemic Candida albicans on an intensive care unit caused by cross-infection. Br Med J 1985;290:746748.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Odds, FC, Genital candidosis. Clin Exp Dermatol 1982;7:345354.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6.Stenderup, A, Ecology of yeast and epidemiology of yeast infections. Acta Derm Venereal 1986;121:2737.Google ScholarPubMed
7.Warnock, DW, Speller, DCE, Milne, JD, et al: Epidemiological investigation of patients with vulvovaginal candidosis. Br J Vener Dis 1979;55:357361.Google ScholarPubMed
8.Gold, JWM, Opportunistic fungal infections in patients with neoplastic disease. Am J Med 1984;76:458463.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Horn, R, Wong, B, Kiehn, TE, et al: Fungemia in a cancer hospital: Changing frequency, earlier onset, and results of therapy. Revlnfect Dis 1985;7:646655.Google Scholar
10.Maksymiuk, AW, Thongprosert, S, Hopfer, R, et al: Systemic candidiasis in cancer patients. Am J Med 1984;77:2027.Google ScholarPubMed
11.Wingard, JR. Merz, WG, Sarai, R, Candida tropicalis: A major pathogen in immunocompromised patients. Ann intern Med 1979;91:539543.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Medoff, G, Kobavashi, GS, Strategies in the treatment of systemic fungal infections. N Engl J Med 1980;302:145155.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13.Winston, DJ, Gale, RP, Meyer, DV, et al: Infectious complications of human bone marrow transplantation. Medicine 1979;58(1):31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.Shepherd, MG, Poulter, RTM, Sullivan, PA, Candida albicans: Biology, genetics, and pathogenicity. Annu Rev Microbiol 1985;39:579614.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15.Kennedy, MJ, Volz, PA, Ecology of Candida albicans gut colonization: Inhibition of Candida adhesion, colonization and dissemination from the gastrointestinal tract by bacterial antagonism. Infect Immun 1985;49:654663.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16.Klotz, SA, Drutz, DJ, Harrison, JL, et al: Adherence and penetration of vascular endothelium by Candida yeasts. Inject Immun 1983;42:374384.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17.Schimpff, SC, Young, V, Greene, WH, et al: Origin of infection in acule non-lymphocytic leukemia: Significance of hospital acquisition of potential pathogens. Ann Intern Med 1972;77:707714.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Wingard, JR, Dick, JD, Merz, WG, et al: Pathogenicity of Candida tropicalis and Candida albicans after gastrointestinal inoculation in mice. Inject Immun 1980;29:808813.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19.Kennedy, MJ, Volz, PA, Dissemination of yeasts after gastrointestinal inoculation in antibiotic-treated mice. Sabouraudia 1983;21:2733.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20.Kennedy, M, Volz, PA, Effect of various antibiotics on gastrointestinal colonization and dissemination by Candida albicans. Sabouraudia 1985;23:265273.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21.Kiehn, TE, Edwards, FF, Armstrong, D, The prevalence of yeasts in clinical specimens from cancer patients. Am J Clin Pathol 1980;73:518521.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22.Sandford, GR, Merz, WG, Wingard, JR, et al: The value of surveillance cultures as predictors of systemic f ungal infections. J Infect Dis 1980;142:503509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Barrett-Bee, K, Hayes, Y, Wilson, RG, et al: A comparison of phospholipase activity, cellular adherence and pathogenicity of yeasts. J Gen Microbiol 1985;131:12171221.Google ScholarPubMed
24.Wingard, JR, Dick, JD, Merz, WG, et al: Differences in virulence of clinical isolates of Candida tropicalis and Candida albicans in mice. Infect Immun 1982;37:833836.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25.Hubbard, MJ, Markie, D, Poulter, RTM, isolation and morphological characterization of a mycelial mutant of Candida albicans. J Bacterial 1986;165:6165.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26.Odds, FG, Morphogenesis in Candida albicans. CRC Crit Rev Microbiol 1985;12:4593.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27.Defever, KS, Whelan, WI. Rogers, AL, et al: Resistance to 5-fluorocytosine in Candida albicans: The frequency of partially resistant strains among clinical isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1982;22:810815.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28.Hasenclever, HR, Mitchell, WO, Antigenic studies of Candida I, Observation of two antigenic groups in Candida albicans. J Bacteriol 1961;82:570573.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29.Odds, FC, Biotyping of medically important fungi, in McGinnis, MR (ed): Cwrent Topics in Medical Mycology, Vol 1. New York, Springer-Verlag, 1985, pp 155171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30.Poulain, D, Hopewood, V, Vernes, A, Antigenic variability of Candida albicans. CRC Crit Rev Microbiol 1985;12:223270.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31.Warnock, DW, Typing at Candida albicans. J Hasp Infect 1984;5:244252.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32.MacDonald, F, Odds, FC, Inducible proteinase of Candida albicans in diagnostic serology and in the pathogenesis of systemic candidosis. J Med Microbiol 1980;13:423435.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
33.MacDonald, F, Odds, FC, Virulence for mice of a proteinase-secreting strain of Candida albicans and a proteinase-deficient mutant. J Gen Microbiol 1983;129:431438.Google Scholar
34.Price, MF, Wilkinson, ID, Gentry, LO, Plate method for detection of phospholipase activity in Candida albicans. Sabouraudia 1982;20:714.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
35.Odds, FC, Abbott, AB, A simple system for the presumptive identification of Candida albicans and differentiation of strains within the species. Sabouraudia 1980;18:301317.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
36.Odds, FC, Abbott, AB, Modification and extension of tests for differentiation of Candida species and strains. Sabouraudia 1983;21:7981.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
37.McCreight, MC, Warnock, DW, Enhanced differentiation of isolates of Candida albicans using a modified resistogram method. Mykosen 1982;25:589598.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
38.Polonelli, L, Archibusacci, C, Sestito, M, et al: Killer system: A simple method for differentiating strains of Candida albicans. J Clin Microbiol 1983;17:774780.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39.Scherer, S, Stevens, DA, Application of DNA typing methods to epidemiology and taxonomy of Candida species. J Clin Microbiol 1987;25:675679.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
40.Morace, G, Archibusacci, C, Sestito, M, et al: Strain differentiation of pathogenic yeasts by the killer system. Mycopathologia 1984;84:8185.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed