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Preoperative Use of Mupirocin for the Prevention of Healthcare-Associated Staphylococcus aureus Infections: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 June 2016

Lisa S. Young  and
Lisa G. Winston
Lisa S. Young*
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
Lisa G. Winston
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California
*
669 S. Gilpin St., Denver, CO 80209 ([email protected])
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Abstract

Objective.

Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of healthcare-associated infections. Intranasal mupirocin treatment probably decreases S. aureus infections among colonized surgical patients. Using cost-effectiveness analysis, we evaluated the cost-effectiveness of preoperative use of mupirocin for the prevention of healthcare-associated S. aureus infections.

Methods.

Three strategies were compared: (1) screen with nasal culture and give treatment to carriers, (2) give treatment to all patients without screening, and (3) neither screen nor treat. A societal perspective was taken. Adverse outcomes included bloodstream infection, pneumonia, surgical site infection, death due to underlying illness or infection, readmission, and the need for home health care. Data inputs were obtained from an extensive MEDLINE review and from publicly available government data sources. The following base-case data inputs (and ranges) for sensitivity analysis were used: rate of S. aureus carriage, 23.1% (19%-55%); efficacy ofmupirocin treatment, 51% (8%-75%); mupirocin treatment cost, $48.36 ($24.18-$57.74); and hospital costs of bloodstream infection, $25,128 ($6,194-$40,211), pneumonia, $18,366 ($5,574-$28,952), and surgical site infection $16,256 ($5,119-$22,553). Widespread use ofmupirocin has been associated with high levels of mupirocin resistance; therefore, a broad range of estimates for efficacy was tested in the sensitivity analysis.

Patients.

The target population included patients undergoing nonemergent surgery requiring postoperative hospitalization.

Results.

Both the screen-and-treat and treat-all strategies were cost saving, saving $102 per patient screened and $88 per patient treated, respectively. In 1-way sensitivity analyses, the model was robust with respect to all data inputs except for the efficacy ofmupirocin treatment. If the efficacy is less than 16.1%, then the screen-and-treat strategy is cost incurring. A treat-all strategy was more cost saving if the rate of S. aureus carriage was greater than 42.7%, the mupirocin cost was less than $29.87, or nursing compensation was greater than $64.21 per hour.

Conclusion.

Administration of mupirocin before surgery is cost saving, primarily because healthcare-associated infections are very expensive. The level of mupirocin efficacy is critical to the cost-effectiveness of this intervention.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 27 , Issue 12 , December 2006 , pp. 1304 - 1312
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 2006

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