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Preferential Use of Nitrofurantoin Over Fluoroquinolones for Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis and Outpatient Escherichia coli Resistance in an Integrated Healthcare System

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 January 2017

Rebecca L. Pedela ,
Katherine C. Shihadeh ,
Bryan C. Knepper ,
Michelle K. Haas ,
William J. Burman  and
Timothy C. Jenkins
Rebecca L. Pedela
Affiliation:
Denver Health, Denver, Colorado
Katherine C. Shihadeh
Affiliation:
Denver Health, Denver, Colorado
Bryan C. Knepper
Affiliation:
Denver Health, Denver, Colorado
Michelle K. Haas
Affiliation:
Denver Health, Denver, Colorado University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado Denver Public Health, Denver, Colorado
William J. Burman
Affiliation:
Denver Health, Denver, Colorado University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
Timothy C. Jenkins*
Affiliation:
Denver Health, Denver, Colorado University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
*
Address correspondence to Timothy Jenkins, MD, Denver Health, 660 Bannock Street, Denver, Colorado 80204 ([email protected]).
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Abstract

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate changes in outpatient fluoroquinolone (FQ) and nitrofurantoin (NFT) use and resistance among E. coli isolates after a change in institutional guidance to use NFT over FQs for acute uncomplicated cystitis.

DESIGN

Retrospective preintervention–postintervention study.

SETTING

Urban, integrated healthcare system.

PATIENTS

Adult outpatients treated for acute cystitis.

METHODS

We compared 2 time periods: January 2003–June 2007 when FQs were recommended as first-line therapy, and July 2007–December 2012, when NFT was recommended. The main outcomes were changes in FQ and NFT use and FQ- and NFT-resistant E. coli by time-series analysis.

RESULTS

Overall, 5,714 adults treated for acute cystitis and 11,367 outpatient E. coli isolates were included in the analysis. After the change in prescribing guidance, there was an immediate 26% (95% CI, 20%–32%) decrease in FQ use (P<.001), and a nonsignificant 6% (95% CI, −2% to 15%) increase in NFT use (P=.12); these changes were sustained over the postintervention period. Oral cephalosporin use also increased during the postintervention period. There was a significant decrease in FQ-resistant E. coli of −0.4% per quarter (95% CI, −0.6% to −0.1%; P=.004) between the pre- and postintervention periods; however, a change in the trend of NFT-resistant E. coli was not observed.

CONCLUSIONS

In an integrated healthcare system, a change in institutional guidance for acute uncomplicated cystitis was associated with a reduction in FQ use, which may have contributed to a stabilization in FQ-resistant E. coli. Increased nitrofurantoin use was not associated with a change in NFT resistance.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:461–468

Type
Original Articles
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 38 , Issue 4 , April 2017 , pp. 461 - 468
Copyright
© 2017 by The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. All rights reserved 

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Footnotes

PREVIOUS PRESENTATION: This work was presented in part at IDWeek 2014 on October 9, 2014 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

References

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