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Potential Ceiling Effect of Healthcare Worker Influenza Vaccination on the Incidence of Nosocomial Influenza Infection

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 April 2016

Brandon Dionne ,
Meghan Brett ,
Karissa Culbreath  and
Renee-Claude Mercier
Brandon Dionne*
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy–Glendale, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona
Meghan Brett
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
Karissa Culbreath
Affiliation:
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico Tricore Reference Laboratory, Albuquerque, New Mexico
Renee-Claude Mercier
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
*
Address correspondence to Brandon Dionne, PharmD, BCPS, AAHIVP, 19555 N 59th Ave, Glendale, AZ 85308 ([email protected]).
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the effect of healthcare worker (HCW) influenza vaccination on the incidence of nosocomial influenza

DESIGN

Retrospective cross-sectional study

SETTING

A 550-bed tertiary-care academic medical center

METHODS

All admitted patients with a direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay positive for influenza ordered between October 1 and May 31 from 2010 to 2015 were eligible for inclusion. Nosocomial influenza was defined as a positive influenza test collected ≥48 hours after admission in patients without influenza-like illness present within 24 hours of admission. Relative nosocomial influenza frequency was calculated by dividing the number of nosocomial cases by the total number of admitted patients with influenza for each season. A univariate logistic regression was used to determine the association between HCW influenza vaccination coverage and nosocomial influenza.

RESULTS

Over 5 seasons, 533 patients had positive influenza tests during their hospitalization; 29 of these patients (5.4%) acquired influenza during their hospitalization. HCW vaccination coverage increased over the 5 seasons from 47% to 90% (P<.001). Despite an initial decrease in relative nosocomial influenza frequency during the first year (9% to 4.9%), subsequent seasons failed to show an additional decrease in nosocomial infections (4.3%, 5.2%, and 4.8%, respectively); the overall decrease in nosocomial influenza from the first season to the final season was not significant (P=.282). No association was detected between HCW vaccination coverage and nosocomial influenza (odds ratio [OR], 0.990; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.970–1.011).

CONCLUSION

HCW vaccination >50% may not have a significant effect on nosocomial influenza.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:840–844

Type
Original Articles
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 37 , Issue 7 , July 2016 , pp. 840 - 844
Copyright
© 2016 by The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. All rights reserved 

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