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Pediatric Primary Gram-Negative Nosocomial Bacteremia: A Possible Relationship With Infusate Contamination

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Alejandro E. Macías-Hernández ,
Isabel Hernández-Ramos ,
Juan M. Muñoz-Barrett ,
Enrique Vargas-Salado ,
Francisco J. Guerrero-Martínez ,
Humberto Medina-Valdovinos ,
Jesus Hernández-Hernández  and
Samuel Ponce-de-León-Rosales
Alejandro E. Macías-Hernández*
Affiliation:
Facultad de Medicina de León, Universidad de Guanajuato
Isabel Hernández-Ramos
Affiliation:
Hospital General Regional de León, León, Guanajuato
Juan M. Muñoz-Barrett
Affiliation:
Facultad de Medicina de León, Universidad de Guanajuato
Enrique Vargas-Salado
Affiliation:
Facultad de Medicina de León, Universidad de Guanajuato
Francisco J. Guerrero-Martínez
Affiliation:
Hospital General Regional de León, León, Guanajuato
Humberto Medina-Valdovinos
Affiliation:
Facultad de Medicina de León, Universidad de Guanajuato
Jesus Hernández-Hernández
Affiliation:
Hospital General Regional de León, León, Guanajuato
Samuel Ponce-de-León-Rosales
Affiliation:
Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, México City, México
*
Facultad de Medicina de León, 20 de Enero 929, León, Guanajuato 37320, México
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Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the potential contribution of “extrinsic” contamination of intravenous fluids in hospital bacteremia and infection.

Design: Prospective cross-sectional survey of infusate contamination, December 1992 to December 1993.

Setting: A pediatric department (1,500 admissions per year) in a general, urban teaching hospital, serving low-income patients.

Samples and Patients: Infusate samples (0.5 to 1.0 mL) from the injection port used by the staff were taken for cultures from all febrile or septic patients in hospital wards. At least four samples were taken each day; if no febrile or septic patients were available, other patients were sampled at convenience.

Results: A 6.8% positive culture rate (87 contaminates in 1,277 infusates) was obtained, without significant differences among the wards. Gram-negative organisms were recovered from 56 samples (62.9%), mainly of the tribe Klebsielleae (56.1%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated in 30 samples (33.7%). There was no significant difference between the febrile-septic group and the asymptomatic group in the rate of infusate contamination (P=.59). In eight patients, the same organisms were recovered from infusate and blood culture. The overall bacteremia rate was 2.5 per 100 discharges.

Conclusions: Compared to previous reports, higher infusate contamination rates and different organisms (mainly gram-negative) were observed. In hospitals of underdeveloped countries, nosocomial infection control frequently is disregarded. Infusate contamination may be common and could lead to gram-negative bacteremia. In such settings, it seems advisable to perform surveillance studies to identify infusate contamination, because a single infusate contamination could be a signal for an epidemic.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 17 , Issue 5 , May 1996 , pp. 276 - 280
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 1996

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