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Low Rate of False-Positive Results with Use of A Rapid HIV Test

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Cassandra D. Salgado ,
Heidi L. Flanagan ,
Doris M. Haverstick  and
Barry M. Farr
Cassandra D. Salgado
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
Heidi L. Flanagan
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
Doris M. Haverstick
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
Barry M. Farr*
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
*
Box 800473 Cobb Hall, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908
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Abstract

Background:

Occupational exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an important threat to healthcare workers. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines recommend prompt institution of prophylaxis. This requires (1) immediate prophylaxis after exposure, pending test results that may take more than 24 hours in many hospitals; or (2) performance of a rapid test. The Single Use Diagnostic System (SUDS)® HIV-1 Test is used to screen rapidly for antibodies to HIV type 1 in plasma or serum, with a reported sensitivity of more than 99.9%. We used this test from January 1999 until September 2000, when it was withdrawn from the market following reports claiming a high rate of false-positive results.

Methods:

We reviewed the results of postexposure HIV testing during 21 months.

Results:

A total of 884 SUDS tests were performed on source patients after occupational exposures (883 negative results, 1 reactive result). The results of repeat SUDS testing on the reactive specimen were also reactive, but the results of enzyme immunoassay and Western blot testing were negative. A new specimen from the same patient showed a negative result on SUDS testing. This suggested a specificity of 99.9%. In the 4 months after SUDS testing was suspended, there was 1 false-positive result on enzyme immunoassay for 1 of 132 source patients (presumed specificity, 99.2%).

Conclusion:

Use of the SUDS test facilitated rapid and accurate evaluation of source specimens, obviating unnecessary prophylaxis.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 23 , Issue 6 , June 2002 , pp. 335 - 337
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 2002

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