Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T05:38:35.022Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Influenza Outbreaks in Long-Term-Care Facilities: How Can We Do Better?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Editorial
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 2002

References

1.Lui, K-J, Kendal, AP. Impact of influenza epidemics on mortality in the United States from October 1972 to May 1985. Am J Public Health 1987;77:712716.Google Scholar
2.Simonsen, L, Clarke, MJ, Williamson, GD, Stroup, DF, Arden, NH, Schonberger, LB. The impact of influenza on mortality: introducing a severity index. Am J Public Health 1997;87:19441950.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 2001;50(RR-4):146.Google Scholar
4.Goodman, RA, Orenstein, WA, Munro, TF, Smith, SC, Sikes, K. Impact of influenza A in a nursing home. JAMA 1982;247:14511453.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5.Horman, JT, Stetler, HC, Israel, E, Sorley, D, Schipper, MT, Joseph, JM. An outbreak of influenza A in a nursing home. Am J Public Health 1986;76:501504.Google Scholar
6.Meiklejohn, G, Hall, H. Unusual outbreak of influenza A in a Wyoming nursing home. J Am Geriatr Soc 1987;35:742746.Google Scholar
7.Morens, DM, Rash, VM. Lessons from a nursing home outbreak of influenza A. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1995;16:275280.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8.Hall, WN, Goodman, RA, Noble, GR, Kendal, AP, Steece, RS. An outbreak of influenza B in an elderly population. J Infect Dis 1981;144:297302.Google Scholar
9.Simor, AE, Sharpe, S, Byrne, S, Cruz, T, McLaughlin, B. Influenza B outbreak in a home for the aged, Ontario. Canada Diseases Weekly Report 1988;14:181184.Google Scholar
10.Stevenson, CG, McArthur, MA, Naus, M, Abraham, E, McGeer, AJ. Prevention of influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia in long-term care facilities: how are we doing? Canadian Medical Association Journal 2001;164:14131419.Google Scholar
11.Gravenstein, S, Miller, BA, Drinka, P. Prevention and control of influenza A outbreaks in long-term care facilities. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1992;13:4954.Google Scholar
12.Gomolin, IH, Leib, HB, Arden, NH, Sherman, FT. Control of influenza outbreaks in the nursing home: guidelines for diagnosis and management. J Am Geriatr Soc 1995;43:7174.Google Scholar
13.Bradley, SF, the Long-Term-Care Committee of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. Prevention of influenza in long-term-care facilities. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1999;20:629637.Google Scholar
14.Patriarca, PA, Weber, JA, Parker, RAet alEfficacy of influenza vaccine in nursing homes: reduction in illness and complications during an influenza A (H3N2) epidemic. JAMA 1985;253:11361139.Google Scholar
15.Patriarca, PA, Weber, JA, Parker, RAet alRisk factors for outbreaks of influenza in nursing homes: a case-control study. Am J Epidemiol 1986;124:114119.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16.Meiklejohn, G, Hoffman, R, Graves, P. Effectiveness of influenza vaccine when given during an outbreak of influenza A/H3N2 in a nursing home. J Am Geriatr Soc 1989;37:407410.Google Scholar
17.Foster, DA, Talsma, A, Furumoto-Dawson, Aet alInfluenza vaccine effectiveness in preventing hospitalization for pneumonia in the elderly. Am J Epidemiol 1992;136:296307.Google Scholar
18.McArthur, MA, Simor, AE, Campbell, B, McGeer, A. Influenza vaccination in long-term-care facilities: structuring programs for success. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1999;20:499503.Google Scholar
19.Arden, NH. Control of influenza in the long-term-care facility: a review of established approaches and newer options. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2000;21:5964.Google Scholar
20.Potter, J, Stott, DJ, Roberts, MA, et alInfluenza vaccination of health care workers in long-term-care hospitals reduces the mortality of elderly patients. J Infect Dis 1997;175:16.Google Scholar
21.Carman, WF, Elder, AG, Wallace, LA, et alEffects of influenza vaccination of health-care workers on mortality of elderly people in long-term care: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2000;355:9397.Google Scholar
22.Drinka, PJ, Krause, P, Nest, L, Gravenstein, S, Goodman, B, Shult, P. Delays in the application of outbreak control prophylaxis for influenza A in a nursing home. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2002;23:600603.Google Scholar
23.Hirji, Z, O'Grady, S, Bonham, J, et alUtility of zanamivir for chemoprophylaxis of concomitant influenza A and B in a complex continuing care population. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2002;23:604608.Google Scholar
24.McGeer, A, Campbell, B, Emori, TG, et alDefinitions of infection for surveillance in long-term care facilities. Am J Infect Control 1991;19:17.Google Scholar
25.Gravenstein, S, Miller, BA, Ershler, WB, et alLow sensitivity of CDC case definition for H3N2 influenza in elderly nursing home subjects. Clinical Research 1990;38:547AGoogle Scholar
26.Taylor, JL, Dwyer, DM, Coffman, T, Groves, C, Patel, J, Israel, E. Nursing home outbreak of influenza A (H3N2): evaluation of vaccine efficacy and influenza case definitions. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1992;13:9397.Google Scholar
27.Simor, AE, Augustin, A, Staynor, K, et alInfluenza A in elderly nursing home residents: evaluation of vaccine efficacy and case definitions of influenza-like illness. Presented at the 33rd Interscienee Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; October 17-20, 1993; New Orleans, LA. Abstract 1383.Google Scholar
28.Orr, PH, Peeling, RW, Fast, M, et alSerologic study of responses to selected pathogens causing respiratory tract infection in the institutionalized elderly. Clin Infect Dis 1996;23:12401245.Google Scholar
29.Waner, JL, Todd, SJ, Shalaby, H, Murphy, P, Wall, LV. Comparison of Directigen FLU-A with viral isolation: and direct immunofluorescence for the rapid detection and identification of influenza A virus. J Clin Microbiol 1991;29:479482.Google Scholar
30.Leonardi, GP, Leib, H, Birkhead, GS, Smith, C, Costello, P, Conron, W. Comparison of rapid detection methods for influenza A virus and their value in health-care management of institutionalized geriatric patients. J Clin Microbiol 1994;32:7074.Google Scholar
31.Arden, NH, Patriarca, PA, Fasano, MB, et alThe roles of vaccination and amantadine prophylaxis in controlling an outbreak of influenza A (H3N2) in a nursing home. Arch Intern Med 1988;148:865868.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32.Staynor, K, Foster, G, McArthur, M, McGeer, A, Petric, M, Simor, AE. Influenza A outbreak in a nursing home: the value of early diagnosis and the use of amantadine hydrochloride. Canadian Journal of Infection Control 1994;9:109111.Google Scholar
33.Drinka, PJ, Gravenstein, S, Schilling, M, Krause, P, Miller, BA, Shult, P. Duration of antiviral prophylaxis during nursing home outbreaks of influenza A a comparison of 2 protocols. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:21552159.Google Scholar
34.Degelau, J, Somani, S, Cooper, SL, Irvine, PW. Occurrence of adverse effects and high amantadine concentrations with influenza prophylaxis in the nursing home. J Am Geriatr Soc 1990;38:428432.Google Scholar
35.Stange, KC, Little, DW, Blatnik, B. Adverse reactions to amantadine prophylaxis of influenza in a retirement home. J Am Geriatr Soc 1991;39:700705.Google Scholar
36.Keyser, LA, Karl, M, Nafziger, AN, Bertino, JS Jr. Comparison of central nervous system adverse effects of amantadine and rimantadine used as sequential prophylaxis of influenza A in elderly nursing home patients. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:14851488.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
37.Mast, EE, Harmon, MW, Gravenstein, S, et alEmergence and possible transmission of amantadine-resistant viruses during nursing home outbreaks of influenza A (H3N2). Am J Epidemiol 1991;134:988997.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
38.Degelau, J, Somani, SK, Cooper, SL, Guay, DRP, Crossley, KB. Amantadine-resistant influenza A in a nursing facility. Arch Intern Med 1992;152:390392.Google Scholar
39.Houck, P, Hemphill, M, LaCroix, S, Hirsh, D, Cox, N. Amantadine-resistant influenza A in nursing homes: identification of a resistant virus prior to drug use. Arch Intern Med 1995;155:533537.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
40.Lee, C, Loeb, M, Phillips, Aet alZanamivir use during transmission of amantadine-resistant influenza A in a nursing home. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2000;21:700704.Google Scholar
41.Hayden, FG, Osterhaus, ADME, Treanor, JJ, et alEfficacy and safety of the neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir in the treatment of influenza virus infections. N Engl J Med 1997;337:874880.Google Scholar
42.The MIST (Management of Influenza in the Southern Hemisphere Trialists) Study Group. Randomised trial of efficacy and safety of inhaled zanamivir in treatment of influenza A and B virus infections. Lancet 1998;352:18771881.Google Scholar
43.Nicholson, KG, Aoki, FY, Osterhaus, ADME, et alEfficacy and safety of oseltamivir in treatment of acute influenza: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2000;355:18451850.Google Scholar
44.Treanor, JJ, Hayden, FG, Vrooman, PS, et alEfficacy and safety of the oral neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir in treating acute influenza: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2000;283:10161024.Google Scholar
45.Lalezari, J, Campion, K, Keene, O, Silagyi, C. Zanamivir for the treatment of influenza A and B infection in high-risk patients: a pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med 2001;161:212217.Google Scholar
46.Monto, AS, Robinson, DP, Herlocher, ML, Hinson, JM Jr, Elliott, MJ, Crisp, A. Zanamivir in the prevention of influenza among healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1999;282:3135.Google Scholar
47.Hayden, FG, Atmar, RL, Schilling, M, et alUse of the selective oral neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir to prevent influenza. N Engl J Med 1999;341:13361343.Google Scholar
48.Hayden, FG, Gubavera, LV, Monto, AS, et alInhaled zanamivir for the prevention of influenza in families. N Engl J Med 2000;343:12821289.Google Scholar
49.Welliver, R, Monto, AS, Carewicz, O, et alEffectiveness of oseltamivir in preventing influenza in household contacts: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2001;285:748754.Google Scholar
50.Calfee, DP, Hayden, FG. New approaches to influenza chemotherapy: neuraminidase inhibitors. Drugs 1998;56:537553.Google Scholar
51.Barnett, JM, Cadman, A, Gor, D, et alZanamivir susceptibility monitoring and characterization of influenza virus clinical isolates obtained during phase II clinical efficacy studies. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000;44:7887.Google Scholar
52.Gubavera, LV, Kaiser, L, Matrosovich, MN, Soo-Hoo, Y, Hayden, FG. Selection of influenza virus mutants in experimentally infected volunteers treated with oseltamivir. J Infect Dis 2001;183:523531.Google Scholar
53.Lee, C, Loeb, M, Phillips, Aet alZanamivir use during transmission of amantadine-resistant influenza A in a nursing home. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2000;21:700704.Google Scholar
54.McGeer, AJ, Lee, W, McArthur, M, et alUse of zanamivir to control an outbreak of influenza A in a nursing home. Clin Infect Dis 2000;31:318.Google Scholar
55.Bowles, SK, Lee, W, Simor, AE, et alUse of oseltamivir during influenza outbreaks in Ontario nursing homes, 1999-2000. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002;50:608616.Google Scholar
56.Peters, PH Jr, Gravenstein, S, Norwood, P, et alLong-term use of oseltamivir for the prophylaxis of influenza in a vaccinated frail older population. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001;49:10251031.Google Scholar
57.Schilling, M, Povinelli, L, Krause, Ret alEfficacy of zanamivir for chemopro-phylaxis of nursing home influenza outbreaks. Vaccine 1998;16:17711774.Google Scholar
58.Gravenstein, S, Drinka, P, Osterweil, D, et alA multicenter prospective double-blind randomized controlled trial comparing the relative safety and efficacy of zanamivir to rimantadine for nursing home influenza outbreak control. Presented at the 40th Interscienee Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; September 17-20, 2000; Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Abstract 1155.Google Scholar