Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus (flu) contribute substantially to the overall burden of severe respiratory tract infection in children. However, the molecular etiological diagnostic methods of viral infection are still insufficiently accessible in public hospitals. Rapid immunochromatographic tests can add important information at the point of care, including antiviral or antibiotic indication, viral , and effective precaution measures to prevent outbreaks. The aim of this study was to evaluate this impact for pediatric patients under 5 years of age in our hospital. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational study of clinical outcomes of children under 5 years requiring hospitalization from 2013 to 2018 for viral respiratory disease, and who had positive RSV and/or flu immunochromatographic rapid test results. Results: In total, we identified 221 cases: RSV, 193; flu, 6; codetections, 19. (Table 1). The mortality rate was 1.8% (2 cases), and 88% of our patients were <1 year of age. Variables significantly associated with orotracheal intubation, the most intensive intervention, were younger age in months, comorbidities, RSV and flu codetection, and bacterial pneumonia diagnosis during hospitalization. Conclusions: In the multivariate analysis, RSV and flu codetection was associated with the least favorable clinical prognoses. Rapid test diagnosis may provide important information at the point of care, and molecular panels are not yet widely accessible in public hospitals. Hence, we believe that immunochromatographic rapid tests represent a valuable and feasible diagnostic alternative facilitating timely evaluation and treatment implementation.

Funding: None

Disclosures: None