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Evaluation of clinicians’ knowledge, attitudes, and planned behaviors related to an intervention to improve acute respiratory infection management

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 March 2020

Hayli R. Hruza ,
Tania Velasquez ,
Karl J. Madaras-Kelly Open the ORCID record for Karl J. Madaras-Kelly [Opens in a new window] ,
Katherine E. Fleming-Dutra ,
Matthew H. Samore  and
Jorie M. Butler
Hayli R. Hruza
Affiliation:
Boise Veterans’ Affairs Medical Center, Boise, Idaho
Tania Velasquez
Affiliation:
Informatics, Decision Enhancement, and Analytic Sciences (IDEAS) Center of Innovation, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah
Karl J. Madaras-Kelly
Affiliation:
Boise Veterans’ Affairs Medical Center, Boise, Idaho College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, Meridian, Idaho
Katherine E. Fleming-Dutra
Affiliation:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
Matthew H. Samore
Affiliation:
Informatics, Decision Enhancement, and Analytic Sciences (IDEAS) Center of Innovation, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah
Jorie M. Butler*
Affiliation:
Informatics, Decision Enhancement, and Analytic Sciences (IDEAS) Center of Innovation, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah
*
Author for correspondence: Jorie M. Butler, Emails: [email protected]; [email protected]
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Abstract

Background:

Acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) are commonly diagnosed and major drivers of antibiotic prescribing. Clinician-focused interventions can reduce unnecessary antibiotic prescribing for ARIs. We elicited clinician feedback to design sustainable interventions to improve ARI management by understanding the mental framework of clinicians surrounding antibiotic prescribing within Veterans’ Health Administration clinics.

Methods:

We conducted one-on-one interviews with clinicians (n = 20) from clinics targeted for intervention at 5 facilities. The theory of planned behavior guided interview questions. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed for qualitative analysis. An iterative coding approach identified 6 themes.

Results:

Emergent themes: (1) barriers to appropriate prescribing are multifactorial and include challenges of behavior change; (2) antibiotic prescribing decisions are perceived as autonomous yet, diagnostic uncertainty and perceptions of patient demand can make prescribing decisions difficult; (3) clinicians perceive variation in peer prescribing practices and influences; (4) clinician-focused interventions are valuable if delivered with sensitivity; (5) communication strategies for educating patients are preferred to a shared decisions process; and (6) team standardization of practice and communication are key to facilitate appropriate prescribing. Clinicians perceived audit-and-feedback with peer comparison, academic detailing, and enhanced patient communication strategies as viable approaches to improving appropriate prescribing.

Conclusion:

Implementation strategies that enable clinicians to overcome diagnostic uncertainty, perceived patient demand, and improve patient education are desired. Implementation strategies were welcomed, and some were more readily accepted (eg, audit feedback) than others (eg, shared decision making). Implementation strategies should address clinicians’ perceptions of antibiotic prescribing practices and should enhance their patient communication skills.

Type
Original Article
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 41 , Issue 6 , June 2020 , pp. 672 - 679
Copyright
© 2020 by The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. All rights reserved.

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