Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T23:42:47.528Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Ban the handshake in winter?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 April 2019

Leonard A. Mermel*
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island Department of Epidemiology and Infection Control, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
*
Author for correspondence: Leonard Mermel, Email: [email protected]

Abstract

Gastrointestinal and respiratory viruses are particularly common during winter months, and reducing risk of transmission is challenging. Transfer of bacteria from the hands of one person to another is dramatically reduced with a fist bump compared to a handshake. If the same is true for viruses, should we recommend this change in greeting in the winter?

Type
Commentary
Copyright
© 2019 by The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. All rights reserved. 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Semmelweis, IP. Die Aetiologie, der Begriff und die Prophylaxis des Kindbezttfiebers. [Etiology, concept, and prophylaxis of childbed fever]. Pest, Vienna and Leipzig: A Hartelebens Verlags-Exhibition; 1861.Google Scholar
Makoul, G, Zick, A, Green, M. An evidence-based perspective on greetings in medical encounters. Arch Intern Med 2007;167:11721176.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lynch, C, Cumming, JG. The distribution of influenza by direct contact-hands and eating utensils. Am J Public Health (New York) 1919;9:2538.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization guidelines on and hygiene in health care. First global patient safety challenge clean care is safer care. WHO website. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44102/9789241597906_eng.pdf;jsessionid=77684EFC35C6F26F8E58F396A4DACE2A?sequence=1 Published 2009. Accessed February 2, 2019.Google Scholar
Liu, P, Escudero, B, Jaykus, LA, et al. Laboratory evidence of Norwalk virus contamination on the hands of infected individuals. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013;79:78757881.10.1128/AEM.02576-13CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Park, GW, Williamson, KJ, DeBess, E, et al. High hand contamination rates during norovirus outbreaks in long-term care facilities. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:219221.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ansari, SA, Springthorpe, VS, Sattar, SA, Rivard, S, Rahman, M. Potential role of hands in the spread of respiratory viral infections: studies with human parainfluenza virus 3 and rhinovirus 14. J Clin Microbiol 1991;29:21152119.Google ScholarPubMed
Hall, CB, Douglas, RG Jr, Geiman, JM. Possible transmission by fomites of respiratory syncytial virus. J Infect Dis 1980;141:98102.10.1093/infdis/141.1.98CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomas, Y, Boquete-Suter, P, Koch, D, Pittet, D, Kaiser, L. Survival of influenza virus on human fingers. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014;20:5864.10.1111/1469-0691.12324CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grayson, ML, Melvani, S, Druce, J, et al. Efficacy of soap and water and alcohol-based hand-rub preparations against live H1N1 influenza virus on the hands of human volunteers. Clin Infect Dis 2009;48:285291.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bean, B, Moore, BM, Sterner, B, Peterson, LR, Gerding, DN, Balfour HH Jr. Survival of influenza viruses on environmental surfaces. J Infect Dis 1982;146:4751.10.1093/infdis/146.1.47CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reed, SE. An investigation of the possible transmission of rhinovirus colds through indirect contact. J Hyg (Lond) 1975;75:249258.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gwaltney, JM Jr, Moskalski, PB, Hendley, JO. Hand-to-hand transmission of rhinovirus colds. Ann Intern Med 1978;88:463467.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ghareeb, PA, Bourlai, T, Dutton, W, McClellan, WT. Reducing pathogen transmission in a hospital setting. Handshake versus fist bump: a pilot study. J Hosp Infect 2013;85:321323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mela, S, Whitworth, DE. The fist bump: a more hygienic alternative to the handshake. Am J Infect Control 2014;42:916917.10.1016/j.ajic.2014.04.011CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sklansky, M, Nadkarni, N, Ramirez-Avila, L. Banning the handshake from the health care setting. JAMA 2014;311:24772478.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parga, JJ, Valadez, M, Chang, RR, Sarin-Gulian, A, Holdbrooks, H, Sklansky, MS. Handshake-free zone in a neonatal intensive care unit: Initial feasibility study. Am J Infect Control 2017;45:787792.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qualls, N, Levitt, A, Kanade, N, et al. Community mitigation guidelines to prevent pandemic influenza—United States, 2017. MMWR Recomm Rep 2017;66:134.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fred, HL. Banning the handshake from healthcare settings is not the solution to poor hand hygiene. Tex Heart Inst J 2015;42:510511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar