Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T02:37:31.128Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Long-Term—Care Facilities

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Kent Crossley  and
Long-Term—Care Committee of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America
Kent Crossley*
Affiliation:
University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
*
Veterans' Administration Medical Center, Education Service (142), 1 Veterans Dr, Minneapolis, MN 55417
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Committee on Long-Term Care decided in 1996 that there was need to develop a position document about vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in long-term—care facilities (LTCFs). This document is intended to complement the two previous position statements from our committee that discuss antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance in LTCFs. It is designed to supplement Hospital Infection Control Practice Advisory Committee (HICPAC) recommendations and to provide realistic guidelines for the LTCF.

Type
SHEA Position Paper
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 19 , Issue 7 , July 1998 , pp. 521 - 525
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Nicolle, LE, Bentley, D, Garibaldi, R, Neuhaus, E, Smith, P, the SHEA Long-Term—Care Committee. Antimicrobial use in long-term—care facilities. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1996;17:119–128.Google Scholar
2. Strausbaugh, L, Crossley, K, Nurse, BA, Thrupp, LD, the SHEA Long-Term—Care Committee. Antimicrobial resistance in long-term—care facilities. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1996;17:129–140.Google Scholar
3. Facklam, RR, Sahm, DF. Enterococcus. In: Murray, PR, ed. Manual of Clinical Microbiology. (6th ed.) Washington, DC: ASM Press; 1995: 308–314.Google Scholar
4. Murray, B. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Am J Med 1997;101:284–293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Morris, JG, Shay, DK, Hebden, JN. Enterococci resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents, including vancomycin. Ann Intern Med 1995;123:250–259.Google Scholar
6. Evans, PA, Norden, CW, Rhoads, S, Deobaldia, J, Silber, JL. In vitro susceptibilities of clinical isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997;41:1406.Google Scholar
7. Moellering, RC Jr. The Enterococcus: a classic example of the impact of antimicrobial resistance on therapeutic options. J Antimicrob Chemother 1991;28:1–12.Google Scholar
8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Nosocomial enterococci resistant to vancomycin—United States, 1989-93. MMWR 1993;42:597–599.Google Scholar
9. Maki, DG, Agger, WA. Enterococcal bacteremia: clinical features, the risk of endocarditis and management. Medicine (Baltimore) 198;67:248–269.Google Scholar
10. Edmond, MB, Ober, JF, Weinbaum, DL, Pfaller, MA, Hwang, T, Sanford, M, et al. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium bacteremia: risk factors for infection. Clin Infect Dis 1995;20:1126–1133.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11. Bonten, MJM, Hayden, MK, Nathan, C, van Voorhis, J, Matushek, M, Slaughter, S, et al. Epidemiology of colonization of patients and environment with vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Lancet 1996;348:1615–1619.Google Scholar
12. Shay, DK, Maloney, SA, Montecalvo, M, Banerjee, S, Wormser, GP, Arduino, MJ, et al. Epidemiology and mortality risk of vancomycin-resis-tant enterococcal blood stream infections. J Infect Dis 1995;172:993–1000.Google Scholar
13. Perl, TM, Karanfil, LK, Pryor, P. The epidemiology of vancomycin resistant Enterococcus (VRE): the first 1044 isolates. In: Program and Abstracts of the 35th annual meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America; 1997; Alexandria, VA. Abstract 341.Google Scholar
14. Bonilla, H, Zervos, M, Lyons, M, Bradley, SF, Hedderwick, SA, Ramsey, MA, et al. Colonization with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium: comparison of a long-term—care unit with an acute-care hospital. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1997;18:333–339.Google ScholarPubMed
15. Elizaga, ML, Beezhold, D, Hayden, MK, Rice, T, Nathan, C, Buccelli, C, et al. The prevalence of colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) among hospitalized residents of long-term care facilities (LTCF). In: Program and Abstracts of the 34th annual meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America; 1996; Alexandria, VA. Abstract 352.Google Scholar
16. Livornese, LL, Dias, S, Samel, C, Romanowski, B, Taylor, J, May, P, et al. Hospital-acquired infection with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus fae-cium transmitted by electronic thermometers. Ann Intern Med 1992;117:112–116.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17. Rhinehart, E, Smith, NE, Wennersten, C. Rapid dissemination of β-lacta-mase producing, aminoglycoside-resistant Enterococcus faecalis among patients and staff on an infant-toddler surgical ward. N Engl J Med 1990;323:1814–1818.Google Scholar
18. Boyce, JM, Opal, SM, Chow, JW, Zervos, MJ, Potter-Bynoe, G, Sherman, CB, et al. Outbreak of multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecium with transferable vanB class vancomycin resistance. J Clin Microbiol 1994;32:1148–1153.Google Scholar
19. Wade, JJ, Desai, N, Casewell, MW. Hygienic hand disinfection for the removal of epidemic vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and gentamicin-resistant Enterobactercloacae . J Hosp Infect 1991; 18: 211–218.Google Scholar
20. Freeman, R, Kearns, AM, Lightfoot, NF. Heat resistance of nosocomial enterococci. Lancet 1994;344:64–65.Google Scholar
21. Orr, KE, Gould, FK, Perry, JD, Ford, M, Morgan, S, Sisson, PR, et al. Therapeutic beds: the trojan horses of the 1990s? Lancet 1994;344:65–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22. Rutala, WA, Steigel, MM, Sarubbi, FA, Weber, DJ. Susceptibility of antibiotic-susceptible and antibiotic-resistant hospital bacteria to disinfectants. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1997;18:417–421.Google Scholar
23. Jordens, JZ, Bares, J, Griffiths, DT. Faecal carriage and nosocomial spread of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium . J Antimicrob Chemother 1994;34:515–528.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24. Shekar, R, Chico, G, Bass, SN, Strozewski, K, Biddle, J. Household transmission of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium . Clin Infect Dis 1995;21:1511.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25. van Belkum, A, van den Braak, N, Thomassen, R, Verbrugh, H, Endtz, H. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci in cats and dogs. Lancet 1996;348:1038–1039.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26. Bates, J, Jordens, JZ, Griffiths, DT. Farm animals as a putative reservoir for vancomycin resistant enterococcal infection in man. J Antimicrob Chemother 1994;34:507–516.Google Scholar
27. McDonald, LC, Kuehnert, MJ, Tenover, FC, Jarvis, WR. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci outside the health-care setting: prevalence, sources, and public health implications. Emerging Infectious Diseases 1997;3:311–317.Google Scholar
28. Garner, JS, Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Guidelines for isolation precautions in hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1996;17:53–80.Google Scholar
29. Jernigan, JA, Cooper, JE, Nolte, FS. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium outbreak at a university hospital: epidemiologic studies and control. In: Abstracts of the 36th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; 1996; Washington, DC. American Society for Microbiology. Abstract J12.Google Scholar
30. Wells, CL, Juni, BA, Cameron, SB, Mason, KR, Dunn, DL, Ferrieri, P, et al. Stool carriage, clinical isolation and mortality during an outbreak of van-comycin-resistant enterococci in hospitalized medical and/or surgical patients. Clin Infect Dis 1995;21:45–50.Google Scholar
31. Boyce, JM, Mermel, LA, Zervos, MJ, Rice, LB, Potter-Bynoe, G, Giorgio, C, et al. Controlling vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1995;16:634–637.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32. Fazal, BA, Telzak, EE, Blum, S, Turett, GS, Petersen-Fitzpatrick, FE, Lorian, V. Trends in the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus associated with the discontinuation of an isolation policy. Infect Control Hospital Epidemiol 1996;17:372–374.Google Scholar
33. Jernigan, JA, Titus, MG, Groschel, DHM, Getchell-White, SI, Farr, B. Effectiveness of contact isolation during a hospital outbreak of methi-cillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . Am J Epidemiol 1996;143:496–504.Google Scholar
34. Kauffman, CA, Bradley, SF. Epidemiology of community-acquired infection. In: Crossley, KB, Archer, GL, eds. The Staphylococci in Human Disease. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 1997:287–308.Google Scholar
35. Terpenning, MS, Bradley, SF, Wan, JY, Chenoweth, CE, Jorgensen, KA, Kauffman, CA. Colonization and infection with antibiotic resistant bacteria in a long term care facility. J Am Geriatr Soc 1994;42:1062–1069.Google Scholar
36. Slaughter, S, Hayden, MK, Nathan, C, Hu, TC, Rice, T, van Voorhis, J, et al. A comparison of the effect of universal use of gloves and gowns with that of glove use alone on acquisition of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a medical intensive care unit. Ann Intern Med 1996;125:448–456.Google Scholar
37. Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Recommendations for preventing the spread of vancomycin resistance. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1995;16:105–113.Google Scholar