Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T14:55:52.839Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Rethinking Identity and Feminism: Contributions of Mapuche Women and Machi from Southern Chile

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 March 2020

Ana Mariella Bacigalupo
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

I analyze how machi discourse and practice of gender and identity contribute to feminist debates about gendered indigenous Others, and the effects that Western notions of Self and Other and feminist rhetoric have on Mapuche women and machi: people who heal with herbal remedies and the help of spirits. Machi juggling of different worlds offers a particular understanding of the way identity and gender are constituted and of the relationship between Self and Other, theory and practice, subject and object, feminism and Womanism.

Type
Indigenous Women in the Americas
Information
Hypatia , Volume 18 , Issue 2: Special Issue: Indigenous Women in the Americas , Spring 2003 , pp. 32 - 57
Copyright
Copyright © 2003 by Hypatia, Inc.

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abu‐Lughod, Leila. 1991. Writing against culture. In Recapturing anthropology: Working in the present, ed. Fox, Richard. Santa Fe, N. M.: School of American Research Press.Google Scholar
Alarcon, Norma. 1990. The theoretical subject(s) of this bridge called my back and Anglo‐American feminism. In Making face, making soul: Creative and critical perspectives of women of color, ed. Anzaldua, Gloria. San Francisco: Aunt Lute Books.Google Scholar
Allen, Paula Gunn. 1986. The sacred hoop: Recovering the feminine in American Indian traditions. Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Anzaldua, Gloria. 1987. Borderlands, la frontera: The new mestiza. San Francisco: Aunt Lute Books.Google Scholar
Anzaldua, Gloria. 1990. La consciencia mestiza: Towards a new consciousness In Making face, making soul: Creative and critical perspectives of women of color, ed. Anzaldúa, Gloria. San Francisco: Aunt Lute Books.Google Scholar
Asad, Talal. 1983. Anthropological conceptions of religion: Reflections on Geertz. Man 18: 237–59.10.2307/2801433CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bacigalupo, Ana Mariella. 1995. Mapuche women's empowerment as shaman/healers. Annual Review Of Women in World Religions 4: 57–129.Google Scholar
Bacigalupo, Ana Mariella. 1996. Imágenes de diversidad y consenso: La cosmovisión Mapuche a wave's de trés machi. Aisthesis 28: 120–41.Google Scholar
Bacigalupo, Ana Mariella. 1998 The exorcising sounds of warfare: Shamanic healing and the struggle to remain Mapuche. Anthropology of Consciousness 9 (5): 1–16.10.1525/ac.1998.9.2-3.1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bacigalupo, Ana Mariella. 2001. La voz del kultrun en la modernidad: Tradición y cambio en la terapéutica de siete machi. Santiago, Chile: Universidad Católica de Chile Press.Google Scholar
Behar, Ruth, and Gordon, Deborah. 1995. Women writing culture. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Bell, Diane. 1993. Daughters of the dreaming. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Boddy, Janice. 1989 Wombs and alien spirits: Women, men and the zar cult in northern Sudan. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Boon, James. 1982. Other tribes, other scribes: Symbolic anthropology in the comparative study of cultures, histories, religions, and texts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Christian, Barbara. 1990. The race for theory. In Making face, making soul: Creative and critical perspectives of women of color, ed. Anzaldúa, Gloria. San Francisco: Aunt Lute Books.Google Scholar
Clifford, James. 1988. The predicament of culture: Twentieth‐century ethnography, literature and art. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.10.2307/j.ctvjf9x0hCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clifford, James, and Marcus, George. 1986. Writing culture: The poetics and politics of ethnography. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Cott, Nancy. 1986. Feminist theory and feminist movements: The past before us. In What is Feminism: A Re‐examination, ed. Mitchell, Juliet and Oakley, Ann. New York: Pantheon Books.Google Scholar
De Lauretis, Teresa. 1986. Feminist studies, critical studies. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.10.1007/978-1-349-18997-7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Descola, Phillip. 1996. The spears of twilight: Life and death in the Amazon jungle. Trans. Lloyd, Janet. New York: The New Press.Google Scholar
Emberley, Julia. 1993. Thresholds of difference: Feminist critique, native women's writings, postcolonial theory. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Espin, Oliva. 1997. Latina realities: Essays on healing, migration and sexuality. Boulder: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Gould, Janice. 1992. The Problem of being Indian: One mixed‐blood's dilemma. In Decolonizing the subject: The politics of gender in women's autobiography, ed. Smith, Sidonie and Watson, Julia. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Green, Rayna 1980. Review article. Native American women. Signs 6: 248–67.10.1086/493795CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, Rayna 1992. Culture and gender in Indian America. In Race, class and gender; an anthology, ed. Anderson, Margaret and Collins, Patrick Hill. Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth Press.Google Scholar
Guerrero, Maria Ines Jaimes. 1998. Native Womanism: Red warrior women as exemplars of indigenism in a blueprint for a revolution. Paper given at the Indigenous Intellectual Sovereignties: A Hemispheric Convocation, 8 April, University of California, Davis .Google Scholar
Guerrero, Maria Ines Jaimes. 1999. Savage hegemony: From “endangered species” to feminist indigenism. In Talking visions: Multicultural feminism in a transnational age, ed. Shohat, Ella. Copublished with the New Museum of Contemporary Art.Google Scholar
Hogan, Linda. 1987. The two lives. In American Indian lives, ed. Swann, Brian and Krupat, Arnold. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.Google Scholar
Hooks, Bell. 1984. Feminist theory from margin to center. Boston: South End Press.Google Scholar
Hooks, Bell. 1990. Yearning: Race, gender and cultural politics. Boston: South End Press.Google Scholar
Irigaray, Luce 1985. Speculum of the other woman. Trans. Gill, Gillian. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Jaimes Guerrero, M. A. 1998a. Savage hegemony: Feminist and indigenous women's alliances. In Talking visions: Multicultural feminism in transnational age, ed. Shohat, Ella. Cambridge: M. I. T. Press.Google Scholar
Jaimes Guerrero, M. A. 1998b. Native Womanism: Red warrior women as exemplars of indigenism in a blueprint for a revolution. Paper given 8 April at the Indigenous Intellectual Sovereignties: A Hemispheric Convocation. University of California, Davis .Google Scholar
Jan Mohamed, A. 1985. The economy of the Manichean allegory: The function of racial difference in colonialist literature. Critical Inquiry 12 (1): 59–87.10.1086/448321CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kendall, Laurel. 1985. Shamans, housewives and other restless spirits. Women in Korean ritual life Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.Google Scholar
Kolawole, Mary Ebun Modupe. 1997. Womanism and African consciousness. Trenton, N.J.: Africa World Press.Google Scholar
Lowenhaupt Tstng, Anna. 1993. In the realm of the diamond queen. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Lugones, Maria. 1990. Playfulness, world‐traveling, and loving perception. In Making face, making soul: Creative and critical perspectives of women of color, ed. Anzaldua, Gloria. San Francisco: Aunt Lute Books.Google Scholar
Lyotard, James. 1984. The postmodern condition: A report on knowledge. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
MacCarthy Brown, Karen. 1991. Mama Lola: A Vodou priestess in Brooklyn. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Martin, Emily. 1987. The Woman in the body: A cultural analysis of reproduction. Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Merrill, William. 1988. Rarámuri souls: Knowledge and social process in northern Mexico. Washington D. C: Smithsonian Institution Press.Google Scholar
Minh‐ha, Trinh T. 1989. Woman, native other. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Minh‐ha, Trinh T. 1990. Not you/like you: Postcolonial women and the interlocking questions of identity and difference. In Making face, making soul: Creative and critical perspectives of women of color, ed. Anzaldua, Gloria. San Francisco: Aunt Lute Books.Google Scholar
Mohanty, Chandra. 1994. Under Western eyes: Feminist scholarship and colonial discourse In Colonial discourse and postcolonial theory, a reader, ed. Williams, Patrick and Chrisman, Laura. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Mohanty, Chandra, Russo, Ann, and Torres, Lourdes eds., 1991. Third world women and the politics of feminism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Ong, Ahiwa. 1987. Spirits of resistance and capitalist discipline: Factory women in Malaysia. New York: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Ortner, Sherry. 1990. Gender Hegemonies. Cultural Critique 14, (winter): 35–80.Google Scholar
Ortner, Sherry. 1996. Making gender: The politics and erotics of culture. Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Rosaldo, Michelle. 1980. The use and abuse of anthropology: Reflections on feminism and cross‐cultural understanding. Signs 5 (3): 389–412.10.1086/493727CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shanley, Kay 1989. Thoughts on Indian feminism In Modern American women: A documentary history, ed. Ware, Susan. Chicago: Dorsey.Google Scholar
Spivak, Gayatri. 1985. Three women's texts and a critique of imperialism. Critical Inquiry 12 (1): 262–80.10.1086/448328CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spivak, Gayatri. 1994. Can the subaltern speak? In Colonial discourse and postcolonial theory, a reader, ed. Williams, Patrick and Chrisman, Laura. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Strathern, Marilyn. 1987. An awkward relationship: The case of feminism and anthropology. Signs 12 (2): 275–92.10.1086/494321CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strathern, Marilyn. 1988. The gender of the gift: Problems with women and problems with society in Melanesia. Berkeley: University of California Press.10.1525/california/9780520064232.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suleri, Sara. 1994. Woman skin deep: Feminism and the postcolonial condition. In Colonial discourse and postcolonial theory, a reader, ed. Williams, Patrick and Chrisman, Laura. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Sullivan, Lawrence. 1988. lcanchu's Drum: An orientation to meaning in South American religions. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Tedlock, Dennis. 1978. Finding the center: Narrative poetry of the Zuni Indians. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.Google Scholar
Tedlock, Dennis. 1987. Questions concerning dialogical anthropology. Journal of Anthropological Research. 43: 325–37.10.1086/jar.43.4.3630541CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trouillot, Michel‐Rolph. 1991. Anthropology and the savage slot: The poetics and politics of Otherness. In Recapturing anthropology: Working in the present, ed. Fox, Richard. Santa Fe, N. M.: School of American Research Press.Google Scholar
Turner, Victor. 1982. From ritual to theater: The human seriousness of play. New York: PAJ Publications.Google Scholar
Walker, Alice. 1990. Definition of Womanist. In Making face, making soul: Creative and critical perspectives of women of color, ed. Anzaldua, Gloria. San Francisco: Aunt Lute Books.Google Scholar
Williams, Patrick, and Chrisman, Laura. 1994. Colonial discourse and postcolonial theory: An introduction In Colonial discourse and postcolonial theory, a reader, ed. Williams, Patrick and Chrisman, Laura. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar